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Lower Extremities Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

supplies pyramidalis m. & skin over the anterior iliac crest and greater trochanter

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

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2
Q

runs across transversus abdominalis & internal oblique, supplies them, supplies the skin suprapubic region

A

iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

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3
Q

Innervates internal oblique, passes through inguinal canal innervates the proximomedial thigh, root of penis, upper scrotum or mons pubis and labia majora

A

Ilioinguinal (L1)

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4
Q

runs through and across psoas major & divides into 2

Branches: Genital & Femoral

A

genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)

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5
Q

enters inguinal canal, supplies cremaster & scrotal skin

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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6
Q

passes under inguinal lig., innervates skin over the femoral triangle

A

femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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7
Q

runs over iliacus to pass under inguinal lig. & supply the skin over lateral thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-3)

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8
Q

Innervates adductors of the thigh & innervates a patch of skin medial (adductor area) above the knee.

A

obturator nerve (L2-4) = anterior division

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9
Q

lateral border of psoas major & separates into several anterior femoral cutaneous branches and the saphenous n., passes under the inguinal ligament. Supplies knee extensors & thigh flexors. Provides sensation to anteromedial thigh

A

femoral nerve (L2-4) = posterior division

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10
Q

Emerges superior to obturator externus & adductor brevis.
Supplies adductor compartment, mixes fibers with communicating branches from femoral n. to form Subsartorial plexus supplies small patch of skin medial thigh

A

anterior branch of obturator nerve

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11
Q

Emerges through middle of obturator externus & lies deep to adductor brevis. *Supplies adductor magnus (1/2) & obturator externus, terminates at joint capsule of the knee

A

posterior branch of obturator nerve

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12
Q

exits greater sciatic foramen emerges from the inferior border of piriformis and runs to the popliteal fossa and branches into the tibial & common fibular (common peroneal) nn.

A

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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13
Q

*exits greater sciatic foramen runs deep to gluteus maximus and emerges from its inferior border

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3)

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14
Q

N. to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) innervation

A
  • hip joint
  • inferior gemellus m.
  • quadratus femoris m.
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15
Q

N. to obturator internus (L5-S2) innervation

A
  • superior gemellus

- obturator internus

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16
Q

Pudendal n. (S2-S4) innervation

A

innervates most of the perineum

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17
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve Innervation

A

gluteus medius, minimus, TFL

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18
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Innervation

A

Gluteus Maximus

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19
Q

Nerve to Piriformis Innervation

A

piriformis muscle

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20
Q

Perforating cutaneous nerve innervation

A

skin over lower medial gluteal region

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21
Q

Clinical Correlation of fractures of hip

A

Usually intraarticular
Often require surgical repair
Leads to lateral rotation of lower limb
May lead to “aseptic vascular necrosis”

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22
Q

Sural Nerve innervates what

A

skin along distal 2/3rds of posterolateral calf & lateral aspect of foot, over 5th digit

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23
Q

Gluneal nerves supply skin of

A

gluteal region

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24
Q

Nerve injured for trendelenburg sign

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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25
Sacroiliac Joint is richly innervated by
unmyelinated nerve endings & posterior primary rami of L2-S3
26
Os Coxae Bones
ilium ischium pubis
27
Borders of Femoral Triangle
Superior: inguinal ligament Medial: adductor longus Lateral: sartorius
28
Contents of Femoral Triangle
Femoral n., a., v., & lymph
29
Floor of Femoral Triangle
pectineus & iliopsoas
30
Roof of Femoral Triangle
Fascia lata, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
31
Adductor, Subsartorial, or Hunter's Canal
Passage way for the femoral a. & v. as they transverse the anterior thigh to enter the posterior thigh. Approx. 15cm in length
32
Contents of Adductor, Subsartorial, or Hunter's Canal
Femoral a., v., & N. to vastus medialis & saphenous n.
33
Psoas Major Muscle
Origin: T12-L5 vertebrae and intervertebral disks; and transverse processes of L1-L5 Insertion: With iliacus as iliopsoas into the lesser trochanter Innervation: L1-L3 ventral primary rami Action: Flex the thigh at the hip
34
Psoas Minor Muscle
Origin: T12, L1 vertebrae & intervertebral disk. Insertion: pectineal line; iliopectineal eminence Innervation: branch of L1. Action: Assists iliopsoas
35
Iliacus Muscle
Origin: iliac fossa - as the tendon of psoas major passes over iliacus, their tendons fuse forming the iliopsoas. Insertion: lesser trochanter. Innervation: femoral n. (L2 and L3) Action: Flex the thigh at the hip
36
Sartorius Muscle
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Insertion: Superior medial surface of the tibia Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip; flexes & medially rotates the leg at knee joint. Spinal Levels: Femoral nerve L2, L3
37
Pes Anserinus
``` muscular tripod: - sartorius - gracilis - semitendinosus Insert at the superomedial tibia ```
38
Innervation of Quadriceps Muscles
femoral nerve (L2-4)
39
Actions of Quadriceps Muscles
all extend knee | - rectus femoris also initiates thigh flexion
40
Insertions of Quadriceps Muscles
tibial tuberosity as the patellar ligament
41
Rectus Femoris Origin
Straight head – AIIS | Reflected head - rim of the acetabulum
42
Vastus Medialis Origin
Medial lip of the linea aspera & intertrochanteric line of the femur
43
Clinical Finding of Vastus Medialis
Weakness of this m. allows patella to track laterally during knee extension causing bony contact with the lateral femoral condyle.
44
Vastus Intermedius Origin
Anterior & lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
45
Vastus Lateralis Origin
Greater trochanter & lateral lip of linea aspera
46
Articularis Genu Muscle
Deep to vastus intermedius, sometimes blended with it. Origin: distal femoral shaft Insertion: Synovial joint capsule of the knee. Innervation: Femoral n. (L2-L4) Action: Retracts synovial capsule to prevent pinching during leg extension.
47
Pectineus Muscle
``` Origin: Pectineal line of pubic bone Insertion: Pectineal line of the femur Action: Hip adduction & flexion Innervation: Femoral nerve Spinal levels: L2, L3 ```
48
Muscles that originate from ramus and body of pubis bone
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis
49
Muscles that adduct and medially rotate thigh
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis
50
Insertion of Adductor Longus
middle third of linea aspera
51
Insertion of Adductor Brevis
pectineal line of femur and proximal linea aspera
52
Insertion of Gracilis
superomedial surface of tibia
53
Adductor Magnus Muscle
Origin: - Lateral (Adductor) part: ischiopubic ramus pubis - Medial (Hamstring) part: ischial tuberosity Adductor part: insertion at gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur, medial supracondylar line Innervation: post. branch of obturator n. (L2, L3, L4) Hamstring part: insertion at adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line. Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic n. (L4 )
54
Obturator Externus Muscle
``` Origin: Exterior margin of the obturator foramen & membrane Insertion: Trochanteric fossa Innervation: posterior division of the obturator n. (L3,L4) Action: lateral rotation ```
55
Anterior branch of obturator nerve lies between
adductors longus & brevis
56
Posterior branch of obturator nerve lies
- superficial to obturator externus and passes deep to adductor brevis - superficial to adductor magnus - lies between adductor brevis and magnus
57
Biceps Femoris Muscle
Origin: - Long head – ischial tuberosity - Short head – lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar ridge femur. Insertion: Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia Innervation (L5-S2): - Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve - Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve Action: - Short head flexes & laterally rotates the leg at knee - Long head extends thigh at hip.
58
Semitendinosus Muscle
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface proximal tibia Innervation: Tibial division sciatic nerve (L5-S2) Action: - Flexes leg & medially rotates tibia - Extends the thigh at hip Semitendinosus tendon with sartorius & gracilis form Pes anserinus
59
Semimembranosus Muscle
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia Innervation: Tibial division, sciatic n. (L5-S2) Action: flexes the leg & medially rotates tibia; extends thigh at hip Part tendon is reflected, forming oblique popliteal lig.
60
Contents of Popliteal Fossa
Popliteal a., v., Common Fibular n. Tibial n.
61
Sural nerve will supply
skin along distal 2/3rds of posterolateral calf & lateral aspect of foot, over 5th digit
62
Muscles that arise from ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris long head
63
Muscle arising from linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge
biceps femoris short head

Extremities (2 decks)

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