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Extremities > Lower Extremities Anatomy Final > Flashcards

Lower Extremities Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

supplies pyramidalis m. & skin over the anterior iliac crest and greater trochanter

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

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2
Q

runs across transversus abdominalis & internal oblique, supplies them, supplies the skin suprapubic region

A

iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

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3
Q

Innervates internal oblique, passes through inguinal canal innervates the proximomedial thigh, root of penis, upper scrotum or mons pubis and labia majora

A

Ilioinguinal (L1)

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4
Q

runs through and across psoas major & divides into 2

Branches: Genital & Femoral

A

genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)

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5
Q

enters inguinal canal, supplies cremaster & scrotal skin

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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6
Q

passes under inguinal lig., innervates skin over the femoral triangle

A

femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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7
Q

runs over iliacus to pass under inguinal lig. & supply the skin over lateral thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-3)

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8
Q

Innervates adductors of the thigh & innervates a patch of skin medial (adductor area) above the knee.

A

obturator nerve (L2-4) = anterior division

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9
Q

lateral border of psoas major & separates into several anterior femoral cutaneous branches and the saphenous n., passes under the inguinal ligament. Supplies knee extensors & thigh flexors. Provides sensation to anteromedial thigh

A

femoral nerve (L2-4) = posterior division

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10
Q

Emerges superior to obturator externus & adductor brevis.
Supplies adductor compartment, mixes fibers with communicating branches from femoral n. to form Subsartorial plexus supplies small patch of skin medial thigh

A

anterior branch of obturator nerve

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11
Q

Emerges through middle of obturator externus & lies deep to adductor brevis. *Supplies adductor magnus (1/2) & obturator externus, terminates at joint capsule of the knee

A

posterior branch of obturator nerve

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12
Q

exits greater sciatic foramen emerges from the inferior border of piriformis and runs to the popliteal fossa and branches into the tibial & common fibular (common peroneal) nn.

A

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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13
Q

*exits greater sciatic foramen runs deep to gluteus maximus and emerges from its inferior border

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3)

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14
Q

N. to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) innervation

A
  • hip joint
  • inferior gemellus m.
  • quadratus femoris m.
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15
Q

N. to obturator internus (L5-S2) innervation

A
  • superior gemellus

- obturator internus

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16
Q

Pudendal n. (S2-S4) innervation

A

innervates most of the perineum

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17
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve Innervation

A

gluteus medius, minimus, TFL

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18
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Innervation

A

Gluteus Maximus

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19
Q

Nerve to Piriformis Innervation

A

piriformis muscle

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20
Q

Perforating cutaneous nerve innervation

A

skin over lower medial gluteal region

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21
Q

Clinical Correlation of fractures of hip

A

Usually intraarticular
Often require surgical repair
Leads to lateral rotation of lower limb
May lead to “aseptic vascular necrosis”

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22
Q

Sural Nerve innervates what

A

skin along distal 2/3rds of posterolateral calf & lateral aspect of foot, over 5th digit

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23
Q

Gluneal nerves supply skin of

A

gluteal region

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24
Q

Nerve injured for trendelenburg sign

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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25
Q

Sacroiliac Joint is richly innervated by

A

unmyelinated nerve endings & posterior primary rami of L2-S3

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26
Q

Os Coxae Bones

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

27
Q

Borders of Femoral Triangle

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Medial: adductor longus
Lateral: sartorius

28
Q

Contents of Femoral Triangle

A

Femoral n., a., v., & lymph

29
Q

Floor of Femoral Triangle

A

pectineus & iliopsoas

30
Q

Roof of Femoral Triangle

A

Fascia lata, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin

31
Q

Adductor, Subsartorial, or Hunter’s Canal

A

Passage way for the femoral a. & v. as they transverse the anterior thigh to enter the posterior thigh. Approx. 15cm in length

32
Q

Contents of Adductor, Subsartorial, or Hunter’s Canal

A

Femoral a., v., & N. to vastus medialis & saphenous n.

33
Q

Psoas Major Muscle

A

Origin: T12-L5 vertebrae and intervertebral disks; and transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion: With iliacus as iliopsoas into the lesser trochanter
Innervation: L1-L3 ventral primary rami
Action: Flex the thigh at the hip

34
Q

Psoas Minor Muscle

A

Origin: T12, L1 vertebrae & intervertebral disk.
Insertion: pectineal line; iliopectineal eminence
Innervation: branch of L1.
Action: Assists iliopsoas

35
Q

Iliacus Muscle

A

Origin: iliac fossa - as the tendon of psoas major passes over iliacus, their tendons fuse forming the iliopsoas.
Insertion: lesser trochanter.
Innervation: femoral n. (L2 and L3)
Action: Flex the thigh at the hip

36
Q

Sartorius Muscle

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Superior medial surface of the tibia
Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip; flexes & medially rotates the leg at knee joint.
Spinal Levels: Femoral nerve L2, L3

37
Q

Pes Anserinus

A 
muscular tripod: 
- sartorius
- gracilis
- semitendinosus
Insert at the superomedial tibia
38
Q

Innervation of Quadriceps Muscles

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

39
Q

Actions of Quadriceps Muscles

A

all extend knee

- rectus femoris also initiates thigh flexion

40
Q

Insertions of Quadriceps Muscles

A

tibial tuberosity as the patellar ligament

41
Q

Rectus Femoris Origin

A

Straight head – AIIS

Reflected head - rim of the acetabulum

42
Q

Vastus Medialis Origin

A

Medial lip of the linea aspera & intertrochanteric line of the femur

43
Q

Clinical Finding of Vastus Medialis

A

Weakness of this m. allows patella to track laterally during knee extension causing bony contact with the lateral femoral condyle.

44
Q

Vastus Intermedius Origin

A

Anterior & lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

45
Q

Vastus Lateralis Origin

A

Greater trochanter & lateral lip of linea aspera

46
Q

Articularis Genu Muscle

A

Deep to vastus intermedius, sometimes blended with it.

Origin: distal femoral shaft
Insertion: Synovial joint capsule of the knee.
Innervation: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
Action: Retracts synovial capsule to prevent pinching during leg extension.

47
Q

Pectineus Muscle

A 
Origin: Pectineal line of pubic bone
Insertion: Pectineal line of the femur
Action: Hip adduction & flexion
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Spinal levels:  L2, L3
48
Q

Muscles that originate from ramus and body of pubis bone

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis

49
Q

Muscles that adduct and medially rotate thigh

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis

50
Q

Insertion of Adductor Longus

A

middle third of linea aspera

51
Q

Insertion of Adductor Brevis

A

pectineal line of femur and proximal linea aspera

52
Q

Insertion of Gracilis

A

superomedial surface of tibia

53
Q

Adductor Magnus Muscle

A

Origin:
- Lateral (Adductor) part: ischiopubic ramus pubis
- Medial (Hamstring) part: ischial tuberosity
Adductor part: insertion at gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur, medial supracondylar line
Innervation: post. branch of obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)
Hamstring part: insertion at adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line.
Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic n. (L4 )

54
Q

Obturator Externus Muscle

A 
Origin: Exterior margin of the
obturator foramen & membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
Innervation:  posterior division of the obturator n. (L3,L4)
Action: lateral rotation
55
Q

Anterior branch of obturator nerve lies between

A

adductors longus & brevis

56
Q

Posterior branch of obturator nerve lies

A
  • superficial to obturator externus and passes deep to adductor brevis
  • superficial to adductor magnus
  • lies between adductor brevis and magnus
57
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle

A

Origin:
- Long head – ischial tuberosity
- Short head – lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar ridge femur.
Insertion: Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
Innervation (L5-S2):
- Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve
- Short head: common fibular
division of sciatic nerve
Action:
- Short head flexes & laterally rotates the leg at knee
- Long head extends thigh at hip.

58
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface proximal tibia
Innervation: Tibial division sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Action:
- Flexes leg & medially rotates tibia
- Extends the thigh at hip

Semitendinosus tendon with sartorius & gracilis form Pes anserinus

59
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia
Innervation: Tibial division, sciatic n. (L5-S2)
Action: flexes the leg & medially rotates tibia; extends thigh at hip

Part tendon is reflected, forming oblique popliteal lig.

60
Q

Contents of Popliteal Fossa

A

Popliteal a., v.,
Common Fibular n.
Tibial n.

61
Q

Sural nerve will supply

A

skin along distal 2/3rds of posterolateral calf & lateral aspect of foot, over 5th digit

62
Q

Muscles that arise from ischial tuberosity

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris long head

63
Q

Muscle arising from linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge

A

biceps femoris short head

Extremities (2 decks)

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