lower extremities

Question 1

what projection is being performed if the patient internally rotates their ankle at an angle of 45 degrees while in the supine position

Answer 1

AP oblique

Question 2

what landmark should the beam be centered at in order to show the femorotibial joint space open on an AP radiograph of the knee?

Answer 2

1/2 inch distal to the apex of patella

Question 3

what is the tube angle Used to visualize the joint spaces of the toes ?

Answer 3

15 degrees cephalic

Question 4

how should the foot be positioned for Ap projection of the ankle ?

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion - the foot should be dorsiflexed to open the joint space of the distal tibiofibular joint on AP projection.

Question 5

which patient is most likely to be diagnosed with a lisfranc ligament injury on an imaging exam?

Answer 5

ATHLETE - due to high stress induced to the mid foot , the athlete has the most likelihood to injury the lisfranc ligament.

Question 6

where should the central ray be directed for a lateral calcaneus radiograph ?

Answer 6

one inch distal to the medial malleolus - for a lateral heel

Question 7

why is it significant to take the tangential projection of the patella for a trauma study of the knee?

Answer 7

To rule out patellar fracture

Question 8

what is the extension of the calcaneus , which appears as a shelf-like overhang, called? Sustentaculum tali

Answer 8

The medial aspect of the calcaneus extends outward, like a shelf-like over hang, and is termed the sustentaculum tali.

Question 9

which projection is best for visualizing fluid levels in the knee of an injured patient who is unable to flex his or her lower limb, and where a horizontal beam is used in the process?

Answer 9

Lateral projection -

Question 10

which projection is preferable for examining the fibular head of a fractured lower limb ?

Answer 10

Medial oblique knee

Question 11

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 11

cancer is in medullary tissue

Question 12

what is the degree of flexion of the knee for a tangential settegast view of patella

Answer 12

90 degrees - to properly view femoropatellar joint space

Question 13

how many bones make up the tarsal of the foot

Answer 13

7

Question 14

how many bones do the metatarsals of the foot compromise of ?

Answer 14

5 bones - instep bones

Question 15

the phalanges of the foot comprise of

Answer 15

14 bones which are the bones of the toes .

Question 16

The foot as whole compromises

Answer 16

26 bones which are divided into the tarsals,metatarsals and phalanges

Question 17

which projection is preferable for examinations the fibular head of a fractured lower limb

Answer 17

medial oblique knee

Question 18

what degree of flexion should be applied for a lateral projection of the patella?

Answer 18

5-10 degrees

Question 19

what is one reason why images performed distal to the knee joint are performed on the tabletop?

Answer 19

To decrease patient exposure.

Question 20

where does she patella move when the knee is flexed when using the hughston method

Answer 20

intercondylar Sulcus

Question 21

what is the term for the deep socket opening formed by the inferior portions of the tibia and fibula in the ankle joint ?

Answer 21

mortise

Question 22

PA axial oblique acetabulum projection

Answer 22

24 x 30 cm image receptor size should be used

Question 23

which tarsal bone is located between the lower leg and the calcaneus?

Answer 23

TALuS- second largest tarsal bone and located between the lower leg and the calcaneus.

Question 24

osteoclastomas

Answer 24

large bubbles separated by thin strips of bone in the distal femur

Question 25

which modality can be used to provide clearly evidence of occult fractures ?

Answer 25

nuclear medicine

Question 26

in which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second metatarsals are best seen?

Answer 26

Anteroposterior AP LATERAL OBLIQUE

Question 27

which portion of the tibia is often referred to as the shin bone?

Answer 27

Anterior Crest

Question 28

which bones of the foot form the instep?

Answer 28

metatarsals

Question 29

which projection provides the best information about the longitudinal arch in the foot?

Answer 29

Lateral weight-bearing

Question 30

what structures can be best seen in an AP projection of the mid and the distal femur?

Answer 30

knee joint and distal femur

Question 31

Bones of the midfoot

Answer 31

Cuboid, navicular

Question 32

to confirm suspected infection of the sesamoid bones of the foot?

Answer 32

Tangential

Question 33

small rounded distal portion of the metatarsals called?

Answer 33

HEAD

Question 35

largest and longest bone of the foot

Answer 35

calcaneus

Question 36

which is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg - tibia

Answer 36

tibia

Question 37

which tarsal bone is located on the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to he calcaneus and proximal to the fourth and the fifth metatarsals

Answer 37

cuboid

Question 38

which statement is true about demonstration of the knee during imaging of the femur

Answer 38

the knee joint space is not fully open.

Question 39

how can a radiographer determined if the knee is in an a true lateral position?

Answer 39

femoral epicondyles are superimposed and patella is perpendicular to image receptor

Question 40

why would a compensating filter be used during an AP axial projection of the foot?

Answer 40

to improve exposure value

Question 41

where does the central ray enter for an AP foot image ?

Answer 41

base of the third metatarsal

Question 43

what other term is used to describe the tangential projection of the patella

Answer 43

sunrise view

Question 44

what radiograph best demonstrates the medial condyles of the tibia and femur

Answer 44

external oblique knee

Question 45

which projections of the knee should be performed osgood-sclatter disease is suspected?

Answer 45

lateral and AP

Question 46

why is a cephalic angle of 10 degrees used for an AP projection of the foot?

Answer 46

it prevents foreshortening

Question 47

which exam will show only 14 phalanges of the toes, interphalangeal joints, and the distal portions of the metatarsals ?

Answer 47

PA TOES

Question 48

what does the PA axial view of the knee best demonstrate

Answer 48

intercondylar fossa

Question 49

what degree of rotation and which direction should be used on a medial oblique view of the knee

Answer 49

45 degrees internal

Question 50

how should the radiographer position the patient for a true AP image of the knee

Answer 50

leg is flat on the table and fully extended

Question 51

what is the best location of the knee to ensure the best use of the anode heel effect during an exam of the lower leg

Answer 51

cathode end

Question 52

which is the best position of the patients foot for an axial calcaneus projection

Answer 52

dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 53

which anatomic landmark can be used to identify proper rotation of the knee for a true ;lateral image?

Answer 53

medial condyle

Question 54

what is the best projection to demonstrate the mortise joint?

Answer 54

oblique ankle

Question 55

which criteria describe acceptable exposure factors of the lower extremities

Answer 55

- low to medium kilovolts peak - adequate milliampere -seconds (mAs) - 40 inch source to image distance SID

Question 56

which of the following exposure techniques is acceptable for a radiograph of the first metatarsal

Answer 56

60 kvp 2.4 mAs

Question 57

what would happen if during a foot radiograph the unexposed portion of the image receptor is not collimated sufficiently

Answer 57

image will appear fogged

Question 58

which landmark should the beam be centered at in order to show the femorotibial joint space open on an AP radiograph of the knee?

Answer 58

1/2 inch distal to the apex of patella

Question 59

which structures are likely to be visualized in a tangential projection of the sesamoids?

Answer 59

sesamoid bones and metatarsal heads

Question 60

what projection is used to diagnose subluxation of the patella

Answer 60

tangential patella

Question 62

what is the degree of flexion of the knee for a tangential settegast view of the patella

Answer 62

90 degrees

Question 63

what projection will show the femoropatellar joint space of the distal femur

Answer 63

tangential projection of the patella

Question 65

lower leg radiograph has an onion peel appearance

Answer 65

Ewing sarcoma

Question 66

what specific anatomy of the foot should be clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the ankle

Answer 66

base of fifth metatarsal

Question 67

what degree of angulation is preferred for an axial projection of the calcaneus

Answer 67

40 degrees cephalic

Question 68

which factors support an acceptable image of a lateral projection of the ankle ?

Answer 68

1. Trabecular patterns 2. soft tissue is visualized 3. lateral malleolus seen through distal tibia and talus

Question 69

what changes could be made during an AP weight bearing exam of the knee if the patient is unable to straighten the knee ?

Answer 69

position patient with anterior surface of the knee joint against image receptor with a caudal angle (Rosenberg method).

Question 70

which exam is a variation of the posteroanterior pa axial tunnel view knee projection?

Answer 70

camp - Coventry

Question 71

which factors demonstrate ways the radiographer can prevent further damage to the patella ?

Answer 71

support thigh, do not flex knee

Question 72

osteoclastoma

Answer 72

Is usually found in the metaphysis of the distal femur

Question 74

which anatomical area is involved with a Potts fracture

Answer 74

ankle mortise

Question 75

cons of hughston method to image the patella

Answer 75

the patient is prone 2. the image appears distorted