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Joint Exam Special Test > Lower Extermity > Flashcards

Lower Extermity Flashcards

1
Q

Perform scour test for the central compartment of the hip

A
  • flex and externally rotate pt hip
  • load into the socket and articulate through annular range of motion (make an omega sign)
  • positive test= pain
  • indicates labral or articular cartilage pathology
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2
Q

Perform apprehension FABER for the central compartment of the hip

A
  • pt hip is flexed abducted and externally rotated
  • doc induce further external rotation by applying posterior force at the knee
  • positive test= anterior subluxation of hip or apprehension/pain
  • indicates= anterior labral pathology or can also be positive with impingement
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3
Q

Perform ely’s test for the peripheral compartment of the hip

A
  • pt prone, doc passively flex pt knees
  • positive test= ipsilateral hip raise off table (shortening of the muscle b/c flexion causes pull on rectus femoris so if its tight it shortens)
  • indicates= rectus femoris contracture
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4
Q

Perform rectus femoris test for the peripheral hip compartment

A
  • pt supine flex legs to chest and then drop 1 leg over the table
  • the leg should make 90 angle at the knee
  • positive test= knee flexion less than 90
  • indicates= rectus femoris contraction ipsilaterally
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5
Q

Perform ober’s test for the lateral compartment of the hip

A

-pt lateral recumbent doc behind the pt
-doc abduct top leg and then pt lowers leg to the table while doc stabilize hip
(Other version= drop leg off side of table to look for adduction)
-positive test= inability to adduct
-indicates= IT band contracture

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6
Q

Perform trendelenburg test for lateral compartment of the hip

A
  • pt standing with doc behind
  • pt lift 1 foot off ground (doc at eye level with hips)
  • positive test= weakness/inability to hold hips level
  • indicates= contralateral gluteus medius weakness (superior gluteal n)

Ex= pt lifes right foot, right hip drops= left gluteus medius/superior gluteal n pathology

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7
Q

Perform patricks FABER for the lateral compartment of the hip

A
  • pt hip flexed abducted externally rotated
  • doc braces contralateral ASIS
  • pt externally rotates and abducts against doc resistance (doc hand on backside of leg and pt push down against doc pushing up)
  • positive test= pain or weakness
  • indicates= gluteus medius pathology
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8
Q

Perform thomas test for anterior/iliopsoas compartment of the hip

A
  • pt supine with pulls knees to chest
  • one leg lowered to the table to test flexibilty of hip flexors
  • positive test= inability to fully extend at the hip (leg should be flat on table and no increase in lumbar lordosis)
  • indicates= hip flexor contraction
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9
Q

Perform patricks FABER for the anterior/iliopsoas compartment of the hip

A
  • pt hip is flexed, abducted, externally rotated
  • doc braces contralateral ASIS
  • pt internally rotates, adducts against resistance (doc hand on top of leg and pt push up against doc pushing down)
  • positive test= anterior or medial groin pain/weakness
  • indicates= iliopsoas insufficiency or pathology
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10
Q

Perform apley compression (grind) test for the knee

A
  • pt prone with knee flexed to 90
  • doc use downward force on foot to provide compresssive force on meniscus while rotating foot internally and externally
  • positive test= pain with rotation and or compression
  • indicates= meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury or both
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11
Q

Perform apley distraction test for the knee

A
  • pt prone with knee flexed to 90
  • use upward pulling force on the foot to provide a distraction on the meniscus while rotate foot internally and externally (stabilize at femur so dont lift entire leg)
  • positive test= pain with rotation and or compression
  • indicates= collateral ligament damage (pressure off meniscus)
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12
Q

Perform valgus stress test of the knee

A
  • pt supine and examiner support pt lower leg on examiner hip with knee flexed to 30 (also test in neutral)
  • doc hands placed on medial and lateral aaspects of pt knee
  • provide lateral resistance at the knee (press lateral—> medial) to move ankle laterally while holding distal femur in place
  • assess for laxity, quality end point, pain
  • positive test= increased laxity, soft/absent end point, pain
  • indicates= MCL disruption **more severe injury indicated if also positive at 0 (posterior joint capsule/ACL/MCL)
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13
Q

Perform varus stress test of the knee

A
  • doc support pt lower leg on thie hip with knee flexed to 30 (and neutral) and place hands on medial and lateral aspect of patient knee
  • provide medial resistance (press medial–> lateral) to move ankle medially
  • positive test= increased laxity, soft/absent end point, pain
  • indicates= LCL disruption **more severe injury indicated if also positive in neutral 0
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14
Q

Perform anterior drawer test for the knee

A
  • pt supine with knee flexed to 90
  • doc sit on pts foot and grasp the proximal tibia with both hands pulling tibia anteriorly
  • positive test= excessive translation/laxity compared to other knee
  • indicates= ACL insufficiency
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15
Q

Perform posterior drawer test for the knee

A
  • pt supine with knee flexed to 90
  • doc sit on pt foot and grasp proximal tibia wiht both hands translating the tibia posteriorly
  • positive test= excessive translation/laxity compared to other side
  • indicates= PCL deficiency, posterior capsular injury or disruption
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16
Q

Perform ankle anterior drawer test

A
  • doc grasp posterior calcaneus with 1 hand and cups distal tib/fib with other hand monitoring anteriorly at the talus
  • provide anterior force on calcaneus while stabilizing distal tib/fib
  • normal spring of clacaneus back to neutral should occur
  • positive test= pain, no springing, excessive motion anterior/laxity
  • indicates: ATFL pathology tear
17
Q

Perform talar tilt test for ankle

A
  • doc grasp distal tib/fib with 1 hand adn inferior calcaneous with other (blocking motion of calcaneous on talus)
  • invert talus to evaluate ROM
  • positive test= laxity, increased ROM or pain
  • indicates= calcaneofibular L pathology/tear and some ATF
18
Q

Perform squeeze test (high ankle sprain) for ankle

A
  • doct wraps hands around leg proximal to ankle
  • contact distal tib/fib with both thenar eminences
  • squeeze for 2-3 sec, rapidly release
  • positive test= pain at syndesmosis
  • indicates= syndesmosis pathology
19
Q

Perform thompson test

A
  • pt prone with foot off table
  • doc squeeze pt calf (should see plantar flexion at ankle)
  • positive test= absence of plantar flexion
  • indicates= achilles tendon rupture
20
Q

Perform homans sign

A
  • pt laying or seated with leg extended
  • doc dorsiflex the foot and squeeze the calf
  • positive test= pain with dorsiflexion and squeezing
  • indicates= actute venous thrombosis or thrombophelebitis
  • *suggestive of venous thrombosis in presenc eof edema, erythema, increased warmth of skin of lower leg, need venous doppler to r/o clot

Joint Exam Special Test (2 decks)

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