Lower Exremities

Question 1

● How many phalanx does the 1st toe have?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

● AP Foot - what is the tube angle?

Answer 2

10 degrees celephad

Question 3

● Why do we angle on AP foot?

Question 4

● What is the central ray for AP Foot

Answer 4

Promixal or base of the 3rd metatarsal joint

Question 5

● What is the central ray for AP toe only?

Answer 5

10 - 15 degrees cephalad

Question 6

● Degree of oblique for medial oblique foot?

Answer 6

30- 40 degrees medially

Question 7

● How can you identify a quality oblique foot?

Answer 7

3rd- 5th metatarsal free of superimposed and sinus tarsi joint space is open

Question 8

● What is superimposed on the lateral foot?

Answer 8

Head of the metatarsal ( true lateral: tibiotalar joint is open )

Question 9

● What is weight bearing feet evaluating?

Answer 9

Injury to the structural ligaments of the foot ( ex: lisfranc joint injury)

Question 10

● How do you perform the tangential view of the sesamoid bones?

Answer 10

Patient positioning: prone
- foot is dorsiflex to form a 15-20 degree angle
- CR: perpendicular ( no angle ) to the first metatarsal joint

Question 11

● What degree of tube angle for the axial calcaneus?

Answer 11

40 degrees celephad

Question 12

● What position is the foot in for the AP ankle?

Answer 12

Dorsiflex the foot

Question 13

● Ankle Obliques - mortise vs. 45

Answer 13

Mortise: foot oblique 15-20 degrees, distal tibial plafond is open and medial malleolus demonstrated

oblique 45: medial malleolus is closed

Question 14

● What is open on the 45 degree oblique? Ankle

Answer 14

demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint open, with no or minimal overlap on the average person.

• The lateral malleolus and talus joint should show no or only slight superimposition, but the medial malleolus and talus will be pertially superimposed.

Question 15

● What joint space is open on the lateral ankle?

Answer 15

Entire talus and calcaneus visualized. ( ankle joint is open )

• Fibula (Lateral malleolus)
superimposed over posterior half of tibia.

Question 16

● How could you identify over rotation on a lateral ankle?

Answer 16

Tib fib is slightly superimposed

Question 17

● Who stresses the ankle for ankle stress views?

Answer 17

Physician

Question 18

● AP knee central ray?

Answer 18

Rotate knee internally 3-5degrees for true ap knee

CR is to the articular facet of the tibial plateau

Question 19

● How are the femoral condyles positioned? Parallel or perpendicular? For ap knee

Answer 19

Parallel

Question 20

● Lateral knee - degree of bend?

Answer 20

20-30 degrees

Question 21

● Lateral knee recumbent - tube angle and direction?

Answer 21

5-7 degree’s celephad

Question 22

● What should be superimposed?

Answer 22

Lateral and medial condyles

Question 23

● Lateral Knee rotation - Can you identify Under rotation vs. over rotation

Answer 23

Over rotated: Fibular head completely free of tibia not superimposed = kneed needs to rotate internally towards the board

Fibular head covered by tibia or superimposed = need to
externally rotate leg away from the board

Question 24

● What joint is open on the medial oblique knee

Answer 24

Proximal tibial fibular joint is open

The head of the tibfib is free of superimposition

Question 25

● What is demonstrated on the Tunnel views?

Answer 25

Intercondylar fossa in profile
• No rotation
• Articular facets and intercondylar eminence well visualized

Question 26

● CR for AP Hip?

Answer 26

Rotate leg 15- 20 degrees medially

CR : Perpendicular to the femoral neck

Question 27

● Hip Localization Method

Answer 27

3-4 inch distal to asis and 1-2 inches medially

Question 28

● Why do we do an internal rotation for AP hip?