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chapter 39 > lower digestive tract > Flashcards

lower digestive tract Flashcards

1
Q

body’s major digestive organ, extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

5% of the length – about 10 inches (first part)
Enzymes produces by pancreas ducted into duodenum via pancreatic ducts

A

duodenum

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3
Q

Jejunum

A

40% of the length – about 8 feet

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4
Q

60% of the length, meets large intestine at the Ileocecal valve about 12 feet

A

Ileum

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5
Q

modifications of the mucosal layer – each contains an arteriole, venule, and lymph vessel

A

Villi

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6
Q

tiny projections of plasma membrane of mucosa cells

A

Microvilli

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7
Q

deep folds of mucosa and submucosa layers

A

Circular folds

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8
Q

approx. 5 feet long, extends from Iliocecal valve to anus
Function is to dry out indigestible food by absorbing water and eliminate waste as feces

A

large intestine

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9
Q

blind sac, first part of large intestine; appendix attached here

A

cecum

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10
Q

travels up right side of abdominal cavity; ileum attached here via ileocecal valve

A

ascending colon

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11
Q

subdivisions of the large intestine

A

cecum
colon
rectum

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12
Q

travels across abdominal cavity; bends at liver (hepatic flexure) and spleen (splenic flexure)

A

transverse colon

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13
Q

travels down left side of abdominal cavity and enters pelvis; spleen to iliac crest

A

descending colon

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14
Q

after entrance to pelvis becomes S-shaped
Sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal are in pelvis and end at the anus

A

sigmoid colon

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15
Q

transverse folds/valves slow down feces(to reabsorb water) & hold it until defecation; 2 sphincters – internal = smooth muscle, external = skeletal muscle

A

rectum

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16
Q

large, continuous sheet of serous membrane; covers digestive organs

A

Peritoneum

17
Q

lines the walls of the entire abdominal cavity

A

parietal layer

18
Q

visceral layer

A

forms the serous outer coat of the organs

19
Q

fan-shaped projection of the parietal peritoneum
Allows free movement of each coil of the small intestine; helps prevent strangulation of the intestine

A

Mesentery

20
Q

a continuation of the serosa of the greater curvature of the stomach; first part of the duodenum to the transverse colon
Deposits of fat; help insulate, cushion, and protect abdominal organs

A

Greater omentum

21
Q

liver to lesser curvature of stomach & first part of duodenum

A

Lesser omentum

22
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

23
Q

Four lobes and suspended from diaphragm by mesentery cord =

A

Falciform ligament

24
Q

anatomical units of the liver, tiny hexagonal or pentagonal cylinders

A

Hepatic lobules

25
Q

produced in lobules - yellow-green watery solution containing bile salts (emulsify fats), pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes
travels through canaliculi to join bile ducts

A

bile

26
Q

liver right lobe

A

5/6
right lobe proper
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

27
Q

liver left lobe

A

no subdivisions
each lobe has a branch of hepatic vein in center

28
Q

detoxification
bile secretion
metabolism
storage (minerals& vitamins)
protein synthesis

A

functions of the liver

29
Q

exocrine and endocrine glands
exo> endo

A

pancreas

30
Q

digestive enzymes

A

pancreatic juices

31
Q

digestion of carbohydrates

A

pancreatic amylase

32
Q

digestion of fats->triglycerides-> glycorol+ fatty acids

A

lipase

33
Q

digestion of proteins
->amino acids

A

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

34
Q

nucleases

A

break down DNA and RNA

35
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

neutralize pH

36
Q

disorders of liver and pancreas

A

Hepatitis-inflammation of liver
Cirrhosis
Pancreatitis- inflammation of pancreas
Pancreatic cancer

chapter 39 (1 decks)

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