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low_vision_flashcards

1
Q

What is BlindSquare?

A

An app that describes the environment and announces points of interest as you travel.

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2
Q

What does the iDentifi app do?

A

Provides voiceover descriptions for objects in the camera screen.

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3
Q

How does the Be My Eyes app assist visually impaired users?

A

It connects them with sighted volunteers for assistance.

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4
Q

What are tints used for in low vision aids?

A

Dark tints for albinism or RP, and yellow filters for contrast sensitivity in AMD.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of caps or visors in non-optical low vision aids?

A

To reduce excess glare and reflections.

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6
Q

How is extra illumination used for patients with AMD, glaucoma, DR, or RP?

A

It enhances visibility by providing additional light.

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7
Q

For which conditions is reduced illumination used as a low vision aid?

A

For conditions like albinism, aniridia, and cataracts.

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8
Q

What is an advantage of stand magnifiers?

A

They are hands-free, which is great for hobbies like knitting.

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of stand magnifiers?

A

Fixed focus requires the object to be held at a specific point for a clear image.

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10
Q

What is an advantage of dome magnifiers?

A

They enlarge text instantly and rest on the page.

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11
Q

What is a disadvantage of dome magnifiers?

A

They can be heavy and fiddly, making them difficult for patients with arthritis.

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12
Q

What is an advantage of hand magnifiers?

A

They are portable, lightweight, and available in many strengths.

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13
Q

What is a disadvantage of hand magnifiers?

A

They must be held at a very specific focal point to be effective.

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14
Q

How can patients expand their field of view when using a stand or hand magnifier?

A

By moving closer to the magnifier once the image is in focus.

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15
Q

What is an advantage of a high plus spectacle prescription for reading?

A

It may replace a magnifier, providing a convenient option.

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16
Q

What is a disadvantage of a high plus spectacle prescription for reading?

A

The lenses can be very heavy.

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17
Q

What is a Galilean telescope made up of?

A

Two lenses: a convex (plus) lens and a minus lens.

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18
Q

What is an advantage of a Galilean telescope?

A

It widens the visual field, useful for patients with peripheral vision loss.

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19
Q

What is a disadvantage of a Galilean telescope?

A

The quality of the visual image and detail may be poor.

20
Q

What is a Keplerian telescope made up of?

A

Two convex (plus) lenses and a prism to reverse the inverted image.

21
Q

What is an advantage of a Keplerian telescope?

A

It provides a larger visual field and better optical image quality than Galilean telescopes.

22
Q

What is a disadvantage of a Keplerian telescope?

A

It is longer, heavier, and more expensive than a Galilean telescope.

23
Q

How do you calculate the magnification power of a lens?

A

Magnification = F/4, where F is the dioptre power.

24
Q

How do you calculate the focal length of a lens?

A

Focal Length (m) = 1/F, where F is the dioptre power.

25
Q

How do you determine the magnification needed based on current and desired reading ability?

A

Magnification = Current N reading ability / Desired N reading ability.

26
Q

How does acuity reserve help calculate magnification for fluent reading?

A

Acuity reserve is calculated at 2:1, meaning the patient must spot-read text half the size of the fluent reading goal.

27
Q

How do you calculate magnification with acuity reserve?

A

Magnification = Current reading ability / (Desired reading ability ÷ 2).

28
Q

What are some non-optical low vision aids to manage glare?

A

Caps, visors, and tints for various conditions such as albinism and AMD.

29
Q

What is the difference between a Galilean and Keplerian telescope?

A

Keplerian provides a better image but is heavier and more expensive, while Galilean is lighter and cheaper with lower image quality.

30
Q

What is the typical magnification power of a 10 dioptre lens?

A

2.5x (calculated as 10/4 = 2.5x).

31
Q

Why is lighting important for patients using low vision aids?

A

Proper lighting enhances contrast and improves reading ability.

32
Q

What is a key disadvantage of dome magnifiers for some patients?

A

They may be heavy and difficult to use for patients with arthritis.

33
Q

What type of lighting is recommended for patients with albinism or cataracts?

A

Reduced illumination is typically recommended.

34
Q

Why is a Galilean telescope sometimes preferred over a Keplerian telescope?

A

It is lighter and less expensive, despite having a lower image quality.

35
Q

How does using a hand magnifier differ from a dome magnifier?

A

A hand magnifier is portable and lightweight but must be held at a specific focal point.

36
Q

What non-optical aid is commonly used to enhance reading contrast for patients with AMD?

A

Extra illumination.

37
Q

What low vision aid can be helpful for hands-free use in hobbies?

A

Stand magnifiers.

38
Q

What is the magnification power of a 5 dioptre lens?

A

1.25x (calculated as 5/4 = 1.25x).

39
Q

What type of telescope provides a wider visual field for patients with peripheral vision loss?

A

Galilean telescopes.

40
Q

What is a non-optical LVA used to reduce glare in patients with retinal conditions?

A

Caps or visors.

41
Q

How can you improve the reading ability of a patient with low vision?

A

By providing proper lighting and contrast along with the appropriate magnifier.

42
Q

What advantage does a Keplerian telescope offer over a Galilean one?

A

It provides a larger visual field and better image quality.

43
Q

How do you calculate the focal length of a 10 dioptre lens?

A

0.1 meters or 10 cm (calculated as 1/10 = 0.1).

44
Q

What is an example of assistive technology for low vision?

A

Be My Eyes, which connects visually impaired users with sighted volunteers.

45
Q

How does the BlindSquare app assist low vision patients?

A

It describes the environment and announces points of interest as the user travels.

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