low chapter

Question 1

how long should dilutions of creams or ointments be used for?

Answer 1

2 weeks

Question 2

how often should emollients and barrier preparations be applied on the skin and why?

Answer 2

frequently bc their effect is short lived

Question 3

which organisation is responsible for advising the NHS on prescribing items formulated for medical conditions?

Answer 3

ACBS : advisory committee on borderline substance

Question 4

what is the risk and warning that should be communicated to patients who use many emollients?

Answer 4

fire risk associated with build up of residue of emollients on clothing. pt not to go near smoke or naked flames

Question 5

what are barrier creams and what do they contain?

who are they mostly for?

Answer 5

water repellant. include things like dimeticone and other silicones

used for bed sores, elderly, stomas

Question 6

what is 1st line and 2nd line treatment of nappy rash/

Answer 6

1st line: change nappies frequently, expose babies to air, avoid tight pants

2nd line: antifungal eg clotrimazole. alternatively, zinc oxide creams

Question 7

what is cellulitis?

what are the symptoms

Answer 7

infection of sc fat. symptoms include red swollen painful skin

Question 8

what creams are normally used to treat impetigo?

Answer 8

antiseptics/antibacterials eg fusidic acid or mupirocin

Question 9

what can be used to treat infected burns?

Answer 9

silver sulfadiazine [flamazine]

Question 10

how long should a patient use antifungals to treat a skin condition?

Answer 10

1-2 weeks after the disappearance of all signs of infection

Question 11

what is pityriasis versicolor and how can it be treated?

Answer 11

harmless antifungal condition causing patches of discoloured skin [lighter or darker].
can be treated with ketoconazole shampoo

Question 12

what is candidiasis [thrush] treated with?

Answer 12

topical anti-fungals eg clotrimazole

Question 13

what is angular cheilitis and how do you treat it?

Answer 13

red swollen painful patches in corner of mouth where lip meets

treat with miconazole cream

Question 14

what is the treatment of cold sores and how many times a day should it be used?

Answer 14

aciclovir

5 times a day

Question 15

what is the treatment for scabies?

what is the counselling for it?

Answer 15

permethrin/malathion [lyclear]

• all house members must be treated at same time
• leave on for 8-12 hours then wash off
• applied twice, one week apart
• reapply if washed hands
• itching may still occur for a few weeks can use antihistamine, crotamiton, corticosteroid

Question 16

what is normally used to treat headlice?

how often should it be applied and why?

Answer 16

dimeticone

apply again after 7 days bc it is not as good as killing eggs

Question 17

what are used to treat pubic lice?

Answer 17

permethrin and malathion

Question 18

what is the counselling for headlice?

Answer 18

apply dimeticone [hedrin] for 8-12 hours or overnight
apply again in 7 days
treat all household members at same time
comb wet hair for 30 mins
do this every 4 days for 2 weeks until no lice is left
use hair conditioner as it makes it slippery for lice

Question 19

when should the steroid cream and the moisturiser be applied in eczema?

Answer 19

steroid cream put on first then wait for 30 mins then add moisturiser

Question 20

can topical corticosteroids be used for acne?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

when are topical corticosteroids considered for eczema?

Answer 21

when emollients do not work

Question 22

what is the choice of formulation for moist/weeping lesions in eczema?

what is the choice of formulation for dry/scaly lesions in eczema?

what is the choice of formulation for hairy/large areas in eczema?

Answer 22

corticosteroid CREAMS

ointments

lotions

Question 23

what is isotretinoin used to treat?

what are the s/e?

can it be used in pregnant women

Answer 23

acne

dryness of skin/eyes/lips and nose bleeds

no - teratognic

Question 24

what is rosacea?

what are the treatments for it?

Answer 24

facial redness

low dose doxycycline/topical metronidazole/brimonidine tartrate

Question 25

what steroid is a mild potency? [1]

Answer 25

hydrocortisone 1%-2.5%

Question 26

what steroids [3[ is a mild with antimicrobials potency?

Answer 26

• canestan HC [hydrocortisone and clotrimazole]
• fucidin H [fusidic acid and hydrocortisone]
• timodine [hydrocortisone, nystatin, benzalkonium chloride and dimeticone]

Question 27

what steroid is a MODERATE potency? [2]

Answer 27

Betnovate RD [betamethasone]

eumovate [clobetasone

Question 28

what steroid is a MODERATE WITH ANTIMICROBIALS potency? [1]

Answer 28

Trimovate [clobetasone butyrate
nystatin
oxytetracycline calcium]

Question 29

what steroid is a MODERATE WITH UREA potency? [1]

Answer 29

alphaderm [contains hydrocortisone and urea]

Question 30

what steroid is a POTENT potency? [4]

Answer 30

Beclomethasone dipropionate 0.025%
betamethasone valerate 0.1%
mometasone 0.1%
hydrocortisone butyrate

Question 31

what steroid is a POTENT WITH SALICYLIC ACID potency? [1]

Answer 31

diprosalic [contains salicylic acid betamethasone dipropionate]

Question 32

what steroid is a potent with antimicrobials potency? [4]

Answer 32

betamethasone and clioquinol
betamethasone and neomycin
fucibet [fusidic acid and betamethasone valerate]
synalar C [FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE WITH CLIOQUINOL]
synalar N

Question 33

what steroid is a VERY POTENT potency? [2]

Answer 33

dermovate [clobetasol]

Diflucortolone valerate

Question 34

what steroid is a VERY POTENT WITH ANTIMICROBIALS potency? [1]

Answer 34

clobetasol with neomycin and nystatin

Question 35

what is the general rule of potencies of corticosteroids in order?

Answer 35

hydrocortisone [mildest]
betamethasone and clobetasone
mometasone
clobetasol