low chapter

Question 1

what are the counselling advice for eye drops?

Answer 1

• squeeze one drop into pocket formed by pulling eye lid down
• dont touch eyes to keep dropper clean
• blink few times to spread eye drop around eye. keep eye closed for a minute after
• if using 2 drops then wait 5 mins
• dont drive until vision clear
• contact lenses may not be suitable for some eye drops
• use ointment after drops

Question 2

what is blepharitis?

Answer 2

sore eyelids, itchy eyes, red eyes, eyes sticking together in the morning

Question 3

what is the 1st and 2nd line treatment of bacterial conjuctivitis?

Answer 3

1st line: bathe eye with warm water. clean crust off eyes using cotton bud

2nd line: chloramphenicol eye drops

Question 4

what is the dose of eye drops for infective eye conditions eg chloramphenicol dose for conjuctivitis?

Answer 4

1 drop every 2 hours for 2 days
then 1 drop every 4 hours for the next 3 days
max use 5 days

if no improvement after 2 days seek gp referral

Question 5

give an example of viral eye infections and the drugs used to treat them

Answer 5

herpes simplex infections

aciclovir, ganiciclovir

Question 6

describe the symptoms of glaucoma?

Answer 6

intense eye pain
nausea and vomiting
red eye
headache
blurred vision/seeing halos around lights

Question 7

what eye drops are used for glaucoma and which one is first line?

Answer 7

latanoprost - 1st line
timolol
dorzolamide

Question 8

what is 1st line, 2nd line and 3rd line and 4th line treatment of ocular hypertension?

Answer 8

1st line: prostaglandin analogue eg latanoprost
2nd line: topical prostaglandin analogue
3rd: beta blocker eg timolol
4th: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor eg dorzolamide

Question 9

what are the side effects of prostaglandin analogues [brimtoprost, latanoprost]?

Answer 9

changes in iris, redness, stinging

Question 10

what are the side effects of beta blockers [timolol]?

Answer 10

stinging, burning, itching of eyes

Question 11

what are the side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhbitors [dorzolamide]?

Answer 11

eye discomfort

Question 12

describe the symptoms of corneal ulcer

Answer 12

Redness. 
Severe pain. 
The feeling that something is in your eye. 
Pus or thick discharge from your eye. 
Blurry vision. 
Pain when looking at bright lights. 
Swollen eyelids.

Question 13

what is a detached retina?

how is it treated?

Answer 13

A detached retina is when the thin layer at the back of your eye (retina) becomes loose.

It needs to be treated quickly to stop it permanently affecting your sight. Call the hospital or go to A&E if the pain, redness or blurriness gets worse after surgery.

Question 14

what is iritis?

what is the treatment for this?

Answer 14

Reduced vision.
Eye pain.
Headache.
Abnormally shaped pupils.

treated with Steroid eyedrops. Glucocorticoid medications, given as eyedrops, reduce inflammation.

Question 15

what is subconjunctival haemorrhage?

Answer 15

bright red patch on the whites of your eye. caused by blood vessels on the eye breaking.
it is self limiting

Question 16

what is uveitis?

Answer 16

eye pain – usually a dull ache in or around your eye, which may be worse when focusing.
eye redness.
sensitivity to light/ blurred or cloudy vision.
small shapes moving across your field of vision (floaters)