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Love. > Love Inbde Cards > Flashcards

Love Inbde Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent alkylate dna

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2
Q

Daunorubicin and doxorubicin

A

Destroy dna are called anthracyclines

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3
Q

Dactinomycin

A

Antibiotics for cancer chemotherapy

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4
Q

Antimetabolites like 5 fluorouracil
And 6 mercaptopurine
Metotrexate

A

Interferes with biochemical reactions
For cell growth

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5
Q

Paclitataxel taxol

A

Affect microtubular assembly with cells to inhibits cell mitosis,,

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6
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Anti estrogen blocks tumor

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7
Q

Vinblastine and vincristine

A

Mitotic spindle poison

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8
Q

Leuprolide

A

Inhibits gonadotropin secretion

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9
Q

S phase of cell cycle

A

Antimetabolites

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10
Q

Amides

A

Carbocaine
3%
Mepivacaine

Citanest 4%
Prilocaine

Marcaine 0.5% is
Bupivacaine

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11
Q

2% 20 mg
300 mg

A

300\20 =15ml

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12
Q

Articaine septocaine zorocaine

A

Only amide metabolized in blood not in the liver

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13
Q

7 mg is max articaine in

A

Child and adults

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14
Q

Esters in

A

Plasma

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15
Q

Non ionized penetrate to cause

A

Anesthesia in the nerve

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16
Q

Amides much allergic to

A

Bisulphites

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17
Q

Chloral hydrate

A

15 to 20 minty yes for 4 hours

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18
Q

Fentanyl is potent

A

Benzodiazepines

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19
Q

Amoxicillin causes high

A

Serum level methotrexate bcoz it
Inhibits renal tubular secretion of methotrexate.

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20
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug , act on motor end plate

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21
Q

Metacarbamol:

A
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22
Q

Cyclobenzaprine ..

A
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23
Q

Baclofen

A
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24
Q

Carisoprodol

A
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25
Q

Most drugs travels

A

By binding to albumin which is abundant in plasma !

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26
Q

Modafinil increases high

A

Frequency alpha waves while decreasing delta and theta waves, activity this inc mental alert

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27
Q

Growth hormone is somatotropin,

A

By ant pituitary ,, purified polypeptide hormone , of recombinant DNA origin .

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28
Q

Carbidopa inhibits

A

Peripheral , Decarboxylation ,
Of levodopa so more Levo reach brain , levo cross bb- barrier.
Carbi, dnt

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29
Q

Warfarin ( dicumoral )

A

Dec synth of vit k factors prolong clot time 2 , 7, 9 ,10

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30
Q

Insulin zinc suspension Lente insulin intermediate acting ,

A

Duration 18 -24 hrs ;

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31
Q

Glyburide and chloropropamide

A

Stimulate .. insulin release by
Reducing glucose output from liver and inc insulin sensitivity at per target cell

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32
Q

Met Formin and pioglitazone —

A

Inc insulin sensitivity at peripheral target cells .

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33
Q

Tolbutamide is

A

Sulfonylureas stimulate release /synthesis of insulin
From pancreas, inc sensitivity of insulin receptors

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34
Q

Humulin

A

70/30 mixture
Fast onset

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35
Q

Insulin increase

A

Protein synthesis
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Inc glycogen synthesis
Inc triglycerides synthesis ,,

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36
Q

Clindamycin

A

Adult 600mg orally 1 hr prior appointment.
Children : 20 mg /kg 1hr prior appointment,

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37
Q

Cephalexin

A

Adult : 2.0 g orally 1 hr prior
Children : 50 mg /kg orally 1 hr prior ;

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38
Q

Amox

A

Adult 2.0 g
Children 20 mg /kg

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39
Q

Clindamycin inhibits 50 s ribosomes
Macrolides
Azithromycin same
Clarithromycin same
Erythromycin
——-
Tetra
Doxy
Mini

A

Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin inhibits 3o s ribosomes
Gentamicin same

Ciprofloxacin —inhibits DNA

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40
Q

NSAIDs

A

Enhance anticoagulant warfarin effect bcos it inhibits platelets aggregation ,,

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41
Q

Cocaine

A

Cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension

Inhibits the uptake of catecholamines

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42
Q

Onset of drug . Rate of absorb

A

Major effect : how much drug is free in plasma ,,

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43
Q

Drug goes from

A

Mouth small intestine to liver via blood

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44
Q

Clindamycin

A

Pseudomemb colitis

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45
Q

Most potent opioids is

A

Morphine or mepridine
Or oxycodiene ,,

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46
Q

It’s hydrocodone

A

4 to 6 hours

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47
Q

Imp Endogenous opioids

A

Beta endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphins

Not morphine

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48
Q

Mu receptor morphine

A

Delta — enkephalins

Kappa—-the dynorphins

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49
Q

Dynorphins found in

A

Cns above 2 in brain

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50
Q

Cholinergics and direct

Indirect cholinergics

A

1.methacholine carbachol
Bethanecol
Pilocarpine

2 . Neostigmine physostigmine
Endorphonium
Pyridostigmine ..

2.

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51
Q

Anti cholinergics

A

Atropine
Glucopyrolate
Belladonna deravatives

Scopolamine
Propanthaline bromide

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52
Q

Mydriasis dilation

A

Atropine

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53
Q

Anti cholinergics are contraindicated in

A

Glaucoma ,,
CVS problems
Obstruction of git tract
Asthma

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54
Q

Muscarinic receptors

Nicotine receptors

A

Acetylcholine

Neuromuscular jn and ach on ganglia

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55
Q

Acetylcholine causes cholinergics actions

A

Sweat and smooth ms stimultn

Slow of heart

Construction of pupils

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56
Q

Dilation - anti choli
Pupil
Mydriasis , anti cholinergics

A

Constriction pupil
miosis

Cholinergics

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57
Q

Cholinergics agonist

A

Treat dry mouth ,, pilocarpine
And cevimelime .

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58
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors
Acetylcholine affect in autonomic n s and n . Muscular. Jn

A

Neostigmine physostigmine
Endrophonium
Pyridostigmine

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59
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Open angle glaucoma

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60
Q

Initial excitation and block of neurotransmission and then muscle paralysis is ,,

A

Succinylcholine

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61
Q

Non competitive
Depolarizing ie desenstization
Muscuranic is
Succinylcholine

A

Low level of pseudo cholinesterase
Careful succinylcholine
Bcoz respiratory failure

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62
Q

Midazolam

A

1v sedation for the conscious pt ,,

And
Liquid for the child sedation ,,

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63
Q

Exemestane— aromasin ,,in post menopausal women
Prevents conversion of androgens to estrogens

Letrozole —femara are anti cancer drugs hormonal

A

Receptive positive and metastatic b cancer who hav received 5 yrs of tamoxifen therapy

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64
Q

Colony stimulating factor

A

Darbepoietin treat anemia in chronic renal failure

Pegfilgrastim , produce neutralist

Myeloid reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation

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65
Q

Antimetabolites acts in the s phase of the cell cycle ,,

A

In s phase dna synthesis happens

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66
Q

Methotrexate in choriocarcinoma

A

Breast and head and neck cancer ,,

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67
Q

Spironolactone

A

At ends of distal convulated tubules potassium sparing diuretics means ,, decreased potassium and increased sodium

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68
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

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69
Q

Thiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal portion of tubule

A

Loop diuretics inhibits reabsorption of na and cl in ascending loop of henle ,,

So inc secretion of water na and cl eg imp furosemide ,! Lasix

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70
Q

Pot sparing no potassium loss

A

Conserves ,, potassium ,,

Triamterene is eg

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71
Q

Dyazide is

A

Hctz and triamterene

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72
Q

MRsa

A

Grp of staph bacteria which are
Resistant to penicillinase resistant penicillin s

And cephalosporin s

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73
Q

Pregnant — pen Vk

Tetracycline — chelates ca ions

A

And incorporate d in bony tissues

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74
Q

Penicillin resistant penicillin

A

Methicillin , nafcillin , oxacillin

Cloxacillin dicloxacillin

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75
Q

Broad spectrum ; carbin
Piper ticarc

A

Pen vk Amoxy and ampicil plus all cillin are acid stable

76
Q

Total joint replacement

A

Amoxy 2 g
Chalexin and 1 g
Cephradine. 1 g 1 hour prior.

Case based questions prophylaxix joint surgery timings

77
Q

Parenteral ampicillin I’v
Pt who are not able to take oral
Medications and who are not

A

Allergic to penicillin

78
Q

Bacteria in sabe

A

Most cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis are caused by

penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus viridans,
while Staphylococcus aureus causes most cases of acute bacterial endocarditis

79
Q

Hypersensitivity study 1 and 4 delayed

A

Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II: cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies. Type III: reaction mediated by immune complexes. Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response

80
Q

Shock is anaphylactic and

A

Immediate 15 to 30 minutes hypersenstivity imp Nbde

81
Q

Orthostatic hypotensin causing drugs ,,

A

Anti hypertensives

Phenothiazines ,

Tricyclic antidepressant

Narcotics

Anti Parkinsonison drugs

82
Q

Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inhibitors ,, is

A

Cemitidine h2 blockers

83
Q

Schedule 1 to 5 drugs main points

A
84
Q

Asprin

A
85
Q

Tylenol

A

Inhibit central prostaglandin synthesis

86
Q

Inhibit cox of arachidonic acid cascade

A

Nsaids

87
Q

Cox 2 selective inhibitors like

A

Celecoxib ,, safe with warfarin blood thinner , does not effect platelet function

88
Q

Sympathomimetics direct or indirect

A

Mimics stimulate s organs and structures of sympathetic n system ,,

89
Q

B 1 effects heartadrenergic receptors ,, sympathetic

A

Causes inc heart rate
and increased force of contraction ,,

90
Q

B2 receptors ;

A

Arteries in skeletal ms and arterioles ; dilation

Bronchial and uterine smooth muscles ;
Relaxation

91
Q

Alcohol increase

A

Hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen

92
Q

Pain threshold is lowest level of pain patient detect

A

Phantom pain ; sensation of pain felt in the limb although the limb has been amputated ;

93
Q

SUbcutaneous administration of
Drug is

A

15 mins !!

94
Q

Adult 1 nch go needle ;

A

Child one quarter of inch ;

95
Q

Tolerance is dec response to a drug

A

And habituation is acquired tolerance from repeated exposure to a particular stimulus ;

96
Q

Therapeautic index
Greater the th index less likely of overdose

A

Is LD50/ ed50 ld is lethal d

And ed is effective dose

97
Q

Agents that affect the bacterial DNA DNA

A

Metro resort

98
Q

And Ciprofloxacin

A
99
Q

Agents that affect bacterial protein synthesis

A

Tetra erythromycin Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol,,

100
Q

Agents that interfere with bacterial metabolic pathway

A

Sulphonamides sulpha drugs

101
Q

Vinblastine and vincristine

A
102
Q

Leuprolide

A
103
Q

Asparaginase and interferons

A
104
Q

4.4mg/kg
Max 2% lido for children 20x1.8 =36 mg per carpule ,,

A

1.8 ml 2% 1:100000 epi

How much lido and epi
36 mg lido 0.018mg epi

105
Q

Septocaine articaine zorocaine

A

Can be metabolized in bloodstream

106
Q

Max dose of articaine in children and adults is

A

7 mg/ kg ,,

107
Q

Widest spectrum / broadest spectrum is

A

Carbenicillin ticarcillin , and piperacillun

108
Q

Virus and fungi

A

No penicillin is active ,,

109
Q

Antifungals

A

fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole

110
Q

Iv more acid stable

A

Pen g or benzyl penicillin
Is penicillinase resistant

111
Q

Mefloquine ((Lariam))

A

Other antimalarial
Chloroquin
Atovaquone and proguanil
Halofrantrine
Combi of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine

112
Q

Bac static 50 s broad spectrum
Aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

113
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gm -ve ototoxicity and nephrotixicity

114
Q

Tobramycin is contra

A

In myasthenia gravis

115
Q

Amphotericin b

A
116
Q

Amphotericin b

A
117
Q

Nystatin

A
118
Q

Acyclovir mech of action

A
119
Q

PABA

A

Folic acid

120
Q

Notazoxanide

A

Giardia lambia

121
Q

Stavudine

A

Nucleoside rev transcriptase inhibitors

122
Q

Tetracycline is

A

Alternatives to penicillins in anug

123
Q

Ca mg Al fe

A

Inhibit absorption of tetracycline in the git

124
Q

Metronidazole synthetic

A

Not true antibiotic chemical laboratory

125
Q

Probenecid is drug to treat

A

Gout

126
Q

Augmenting has clavulanate

A

And sublactam
Which block penicillinase from reaching beta lactam ring ,,

127
Q

Probenecid increases the blood levels of

A

Penicillin ,,

128
Q

Pencicclovir

A

Inhibit s herpes viral dna synthesis so inhibit viral replication

129
Q

Erythromycin is metabolized in

A

Liver and .. excreted mainly by bile

130
Q

C deficile 50 s

A

Bacteriostatic ,, bacteriodes fragilis

131
Q

30 to 40 percentage

A

Phosphoric acid ,, to etch enamel

132
Q

Mandible has

A

Post pubertal growth potential ,,

133
Q

Afferent impulse from pulp is

A

Pain ;

134
Q

Erythema multi forme ;

A
135
Q

Drug holiday and

A

Consider hyperbaric o2 prior to
And following tooth extn

136
Q

Low sensitivity high specificity

A

Is disease that was not detected

137
Q

Fuso porpho prevo spiro

A

Is necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

138
Q

Oral pathology ; aot ameloblastoma ,, in

A

Ant maxilla asymptotic painless swelling ..

139
Q

Ceot ,, pindborg :: mandibular

A

Molar area ; painless swelling ..

140
Q

Submandibular gland Wharton duct ;

A

Picture of sialoliths ,,

141
Q

Chronic salivary gland enlargement ;diabetes

A

Mellitus ,, chronic alcoholism ,,
Malnutrition ..

142
Q

Mumps

A

Paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus ;

143
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas

A
144
Q

Fancy name of war thins tumor is papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum ,,

A

Is parotid tumor :: surgical excision

145
Q

Central giant cell granulomas ;;

A

Pagers disease multinucleated giant cell s

146
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Malignant follow by sq cell carcinomas ;

147
Q

Develops as papule

A

Basal cell carcinomas

148
Q

Tonsils and nasopharynx

A

A lymphoepiththelioma ; is squamous cell c undifferentiated.

149
Q

Sq cell carcinomas of tongue metastasis to

A

The cervical lymph nodes !!

150
Q

Metastasis :: sequence

A

Breast kidney lung colon prostate and thyroid ..least is brain

151
Q

Scc

A

Clinical features
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakias
Painless ulcer
Verrucous papillary growth loose of teeth
Possible parasthesia of teeth and lower lip .

152
Q

Lip is more common than tongue scc plummer Vinson and syphillis scc to tongue ;

A

Buccal mucosa ; exophytic
Gingiva and alv mucosae plaque like exophytic mass

153
Q

Couliflower papillary invasive

A

Rarely metastasis oral and laryngeal cavity ;verrucous carcinomas

Ackerman Tumor ; infuriated

154
Q

Kaposi carcinomas ; hard palate gingiva buccal mucosa ; cancer of lining of the blood vessels ;

A

Originates from the skin ; abnormal vascular proliferation ;
Purple to brown nodules aids imp stuff

155
Q

Epstein bar virus causes

A

Infectious mono nucleosis
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Also burrkits lymphoma
Which is non Hodgkin’s lymphoma ;

156
Q

Most common malignancy

A

Osteosarcomas

EWINGS
High malignant onion skin contain glycogen ; moth eaten ramus loos teeth
Raised ear anemias

157
Q

Localized pain and swellling

A

Is osteosarcomas

158
Q

Multiple myelomas
Bence jones proteinuria

A

Punched out radiolucencies
Poor prognosis
Lateral skull radiograph
Pain lumbar thoracic region

159
Q

Ameloblastomas

A

Most aggressive epithelial odomtogenic tumor ;

160
Q

Multi or uni locular

A

Appears as similar giant cell granulomas

161
Q

Primordial cyst

A

On place of tooth arise. From enamel organ ,, arise from epithelium of enamel organ ;

Mandibular 3 rd molar space

162
Q

Eruption cyst;

A

Reddish pink or blue black ; on crown of pri or permanent molar ,, no treatment is necessary ;

163
Q

Dentigerous cyst

A

From reduced enamel epithelium ;arises from crown of unerupted tooth ;well circumscribed ; unilocular ;

164
Q

Lateral periodontal cyst

A

At lateral surface of the tooth ;

If at apex it is called as radicular cyst.

165
Q

Traumatic bone cyst

A

Between cuspids and ramus ;

166
Q

Gingival cyst are ..

A

Swelling of gingiva in cannine and bicuspids areas; of mandible ..

167
Q

Complex odontoma

A
168
Q

Compound odontoma

A
169
Q

Nevoid basal cell carcinomas has

A

Odontogenic ,, keratocysts ,, also called gorlin goltz syndrome ,,

Mandibular prognathism , rib anomalies ,,vertiberal anomalies

Wide nasal bridge , ***presence of okc

170
Q

Okc

A

Radiopaque , remanents of dental lamina,, tendency towards
Reoccurrence.,,

171
Q

Traumatic bone cyst ::

A

Vital teeth ,, mandible ,
young ,,
Patient ..

172
Q

Cementoma (periapical cemental dysplasia ,, )

A

Vital teeth
Middle aged black women ,,
Mandibular incisor region ,,

173
Q

Lat periodontal cyst

A

Teardrop shaped ,,well defined

Round tear drop shaped ,, radiolucency ,,opaque margin along lateral surface of tooth;

174
Q

Globulobulomax illary cyst ;

A

Asymptomatic teeth vital
Can be non vital laterals

175
Q

Thyroglossal cyst

Branchiohenic cyst

Dermoid cysts

A

1.haemmorhage in the mouth ..

  1. From second branchial arch cleft ; at ant border of sternocleidastoid muscle ;
  2. Floor of mouth hair sebaceous and sweat glands ;
176
Q

Nasolabial - in soft tissue of upper lip ; remanents of naso lacrimal duct !

Nasopalatine heart shaped lesions cross midline ,

A
177
Q

Traumatic neuromas

A

Trauma to the peripheral nerve ;
Mental foramen

178
Q

Neurilemoma

A

Schwann cells ;

179
Q

Polyether

A

Best wettabity by gypsum

180
Q

Filled bis gma resin

A

Pit and fissure sealants

181
Q

Metal ceramics

A

0.5 mm metal thickness

1.0 to 1.5 mm porcelain thickness ..

182
Q

35-50 %

A

Phosphoric acid

183
Q

Lingual rest is preferred to Incisal rest due to

A

Near to horizontal axis of rotation .. to better withstand occlusal forces ..

184
Q

60:40

A

Metal to gold ratio

185
Q

Histocytosis x

A

Macrophages and eosinophils

Proliferate in bones and lungs .

Divided into 3 disease

186
Q

1 eosinophilic granuloma
2.letterer siwe disease .
3.Hand schuller Christian disease

Imp stuff

A

1 e.g.rnuloma..teethloose
Lungs and bones affected .

Pneumothorax,
Radiolucent area superficial alveolar bone ,

187
Q

Letterer siwe disease

A

Before age 3 ,
Fatal
Histiocytes damages the lungs
Pneumothorax
Skin
Lymph glands
Bone
Liver and
Spleen ,
Less oral lesions

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