Love Inbde Cards Flashcards
1
Q
Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide
A
Alkylating agent alkylate dna
2
Q
Daunorubicin and doxorubicin
A
Destroy dna are called anthracyclines
3
Q
Dactinomycin
A
Antibiotics for cancer chemotherapy
4
Q
Antimetabolites like 5 fluorouracil
And 6 mercaptopurine
Metotrexate
A
Interferes with biochemical reactions
For cell growth
5
Q
Paclitataxel taxol
A
Affect microtubular assembly with cells to inhibits cell mitosis,,
6
Q
Tamoxifen
A
Anti estrogen blocks tumor
7
Q
Vinblastine and vincristine
A
Mitotic spindle poison
8
Q
Leuprolide
A
Inhibits gonadotropin secretion
9
Q
S phase of cell cycle
A
Antimetabolites
10
Q
Amides
A
Carbocaine
3%
Mepivacaine
Citanest 4%
Prilocaine
Marcaine 0.5% is
Bupivacaine
11
Q
2% 20 mg
300 mg
A
300\20 =15ml
12
Q
Articaine septocaine zorocaine
A
Only amide metabolized in blood not in the liver
13
Q
7 mg is max articaine in
A
Child and adults
14
Q
Esters in
A
Plasma
15
Q
Non ionized penetrate to cause
A
Anesthesia in the nerve
16
Q
Amides much allergic to
A
Bisulphites
17
Q
Chloral hydrate
A
15 to 20 minty yes for 4 hours
18
Q
Fentanyl is potent
A
Benzodiazepines
19
Q
Amoxicillin causes high
A
Serum level methotrexate bcoz it
Inhibits renal tubular secretion of methotrexate.
20
Q
Succinylcholine
A
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug , act on motor end plate
21
Q
Metacarbamol:
A
22
Q
Cyclobenzaprine ..
A
23
Q
Baclofen
A
24
Q
Carisoprodol
A
25
Most drugs travels
By binding to albumin which is abundant in plasma !
26
Modafinil increases high
Frequency alpha waves while decreasing delta and theta waves, activity this inc mental alert
27
Growth hormone is somatotropin,
By ant pituitary ,, purified polypeptide hormone , of recombinant DNA origin .
28
Carbidopa inhibits
Peripheral , Decarboxylation ,
Of levodopa so more Levo reach brain , levo cross bb- barrier.
Carbi, dnt
29
Warfarin ( dicumoral )
Dec synth of vit k factors prolong clot time 2 , 7, 9 ,10
30
Insulin zinc suspension Lente insulin intermediate acting ,
Duration 18 -24 hrs ;
31
Glyburide and chloropropamide
Stimulate .. insulin release by
Reducing glucose output from liver and inc insulin sensitivity at per target cell
32
Met Formin and pioglitazone —
Inc insulin sensitivity at peripheral target cells .
33
Tolbutamide is
Sulfonylureas stimulate release /synthesis of insulin
From pancreas, inc sensitivity of insulin receptors
34
Humulin
70/30 mixture
Fast onset
35
Insulin increase
Protein synthesis
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Inc glycogen synthesis
Inc triglycerides synthesis ,,
36
Clindamycin
Adult 600mg orally 1 hr prior appointment.
Children : 20 mg /kg 1hr prior appointment,
37
Cephalexin
Adult : 2.0 g orally 1 hr prior
Children : 50 mg /kg orally 1 hr prior ;
38
Amox
Adult 2.0 g
Children 20 mg /kg
39
Clindamycin inhibits 50 s ribosomes
Macrolides
Azithromycin same
Clarithromycin same
Erythromycin
——-
Tetra
Doxy
Mini
Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin inhibits 3o s ribosomes
Gentamicin same
Ciprofloxacin —inhibits DNA
40
NSAIDs
Enhance anticoagulant warfarin effect bcos it inhibits platelets aggregation ,,
41
Cocaine
Cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension
Inhibits the uptake of catecholamines
42
Onset of drug . Rate of absorb
Major effect : how much drug is free in plasma ,,
43
Drug goes from
Mouth small intestine to liver via blood
44
Clindamycin
Pseudomemb colitis
45
Most potent opioids is
Morphine or mepridine
Or oxycodiene ,,
46
It’s hydrocodone
4 to 6 hours
47
Imp Endogenous opioids
Beta endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphins
Not morphine
48
Mu receptor morphine
Delta — enkephalins
Kappa—-the dynorphins
49
Dynorphins found in
Cns above 2 in brain
50
Cholinergics and direct
Indirect cholinergics
1.methacholine carbachol
Bethanecol
Pilocarpine
2 . Neostigmine physostigmine
Endorphonium
Pyridostigmine ..
2.
51
Anti cholinergics
Atropine
Glucopyrolate
Belladonna deravatives
Scopolamine
Propanthaline bromide
52
Mydriasis dilation
Atropine
53
Anti cholinergics are contraindicated in
Glaucoma ,,
CVS problems
Obstruction of git tract
Asthma
54
Muscarinic receptors
Nicotine receptors
Acetylcholine
Neuromuscular jn and ach on ganglia
55
Acetylcholine causes cholinergics actions
Sweat and smooth ms stimultn
Slow of heart
Construction of pupils
56
Dilation - anti choli
Pupil
Mydriasis , anti cholinergics
Constriction pupil
miosis
Cholinergics
57
Cholinergics agonist
Treat dry mouth ,, pilocarpine
And cevimelime .
58
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Acetylcholine affect in autonomic n s and n . Muscular. Jn
Neostigmine physostigmine
Endrophonium
Pyridostigmine
59
Pilocarpine
Open angle glaucoma
60
Initial excitation and block of neurotransmission and then muscle paralysis is ,,
Succinylcholine
61
Non competitive
Depolarizing ie desenstization
Muscuranic is
Succinylcholine
Low level of pseudo cholinesterase
Careful succinylcholine
Bcoz respiratory failure
62
Midazolam
1v sedation for the conscious pt ,,
And
Liquid for the child sedation ,,
63
Exemestane— aromasin ,,in post menopausal women
Prevents conversion of androgens to estrogens
Letrozole —femara are anti cancer drugs hormonal
Receptive positive and metastatic b cancer who hav received 5 yrs of tamoxifen therapy
64
Colony stimulating factor
Darbepoietin treat anemia in chronic renal failure
Pegfilgrastim , produce neutralist
Myeloid reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation
65
Antimetabolites acts in the s phase of the cell cycle ,,
In s phase dna synthesis happens
66
Methotrexate in choriocarcinoma
Breast and head and neck cancer ,,
67
Spironolactone
At ends of distal convulated tubules potassium sparing diuretics means ,, decreased potassium and increased sodium
68
Hyperkalemia
Potassium sparing diuretics
69
Thiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal portion of tubule
Loop diuretics inhibits reabsorption of na and cl in ascending loop of henle ,,
So inc secretion of water na and cl eg imp furosemide ,! Lasix
70
Pot sparing no potassium loss
Conserves ,, potassium ,,
Triamterene is eg
71
Dyazide is
Hctz and triamterene
72
MRsa
Grp of staph bacteria which are
Resistant to penicillinase resistant penicillin s
And cephalosporin s
73
Pregnant — pen Vk
Tetracycline — chelates ca ions
And incorporate d in bony tissues
74
Penicillin resistant penicillin
Methicillin , nafcillin , oxacillin
Cloxacillin dicloxacillin
75
Broad spectrum ; carbin
Piper ticarc
Pen vk Amoxy and ampicil plus all cillin are acid stable
76
Total joint replacement
Amoxy 2 g
Chalexin and 1 g
Cephradine. 1 g 1 hour prior.
Case based questions prophylaxix joint surgery timings
77
Parenteral ampicillin I’v
Pt who are not able to take oral
Medications and who are not
Allergic to penicillin
78
Bacteria in sabe
Most cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis are caused by
penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus viridans,
while Staphylococcus aureus causes most cases of acute bacterial endocarditis
79
Hypersensitivity study 1 and 4 delayed
Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II: cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies. Type III: reaction mediated by immune complexes. Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response
80
Shock is anaphylactic and
Immediate 15 to 30 minutes hypersenstivity imp Nbde
81
Orthostatic hypotensin causing drugs ,,
Anti hypertensives
Phenothiazines ,
Tricyclic antidepressant
Narcotics
Anti Parkinsonison drugs
82
Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inhibitors ,, is
Cemitidine h2 blockers
83
Schedule 1 to 5 drugs main points
84
Asprin
85
Tylenol
Inhibit central prostaglandin synthesis
86
Inhibit cox of arachidonic acid cascade
Nsaids
87
Cox 2 selective inhibitors like
Celecoxib ,, safe with warfarin blood thinner , does not effect platelet function
88
Sympathomimetics direct or indirect
Mimics stimulate s organs and structures of sympathetic n system ,,
89
B 1 effects heartadrenergic receptors ,, sympathetic
Causes inc heart rate
and increased force of contraction ,,
90
B2 receptors ;
Arteries in skeletal ms and arterioles ; dilation
Bronchial and uterine smooth muscles ;
Relaxation
91
Alcohol increase
Hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen
92
Pain threshold is lowest level of pain patient detect
Phantom pain ; sensation of pain felt in the limb although the limb has been amputated ;
93
SUbcutaneous administration of
Drug is
15 mins !!
94
Adult 1 nch go needle ;
Child one quarter of inch ;
95
Tolerance is dec response to a drug
And habituation is acquired tolerance from repeated exposure to a particular stimulus ;
96
Therapeautic index
Greater the th index less likely of overdose
Is LD50/ ed50 ld is lethal d
And ed is effective dose
97
Agents that affect the bacterial DNA DNA
Metro resort
98
And Ciprofloxacin
99
Agents that affect bacterial protein synthesis
Tetra erythromycin Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol,,
100
Agents that interfere with bacterial metabolic pathway
Sulphonamides sulpha drugs
101
Vinblastine and vincristine
102
Leuprolide
103
Asparaginase and interferons
104
4.4mg/kg
Max 2% lido for children 20x1.8 =36 mg per carpule ,,
1.8 ml 2% 1:100000 epi
How much lido and epi
36 mg lido 0.018mg epi
105
Septocaine articaine zorocaine
Can be metabolized in bloodstream
106
Max dose of articaine in children and adults is
7 mg/ kg ,,
107
Widest spectrum / broadest spectrum is
Carbenicillin ticarcillin , and piperacillun
108
Virus and fungi
No penicillin is active ,,
109
Antifungals
fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole
110
Iv more acid stable
Pen g or benzyl penicillin
Is penicillinase resistant
111
Mefloquine ((Lariam))
Other antimalarial
Chloroquin
Atovaquone and proguanil
Halofrantrine
Combi of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
112
Bac static 50 s broad spectrum
Aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
113
Aminoglycosides
Gm -ve ototoxicity and nephrotixicity
114
Tobramycin is contra
In myasthenia gravis
115
Amphotericin b
116
Amphotericin b
117
Nystatin
118
Acyclovir mech of action
119
PABA
Folic acid
120
Notazoxanide
Giardia lambia
121
Stavudine
Nucleoside rev transcriptase inhibitors
122
Tetracycline is
Alternatives to penicillins in anug
123
Ca mg Al fe
Inhibit absorption of tetracycline in the git
124
Metronidazole synthetic
Not true antibiotic chemical laboratory
125
Probenecid is drug to treat
Gout
126
Augmenting has clavulanate
And sublactam
Which block penicillinase from reaching beta lactam ring ,,
127
Probenecid increases the blood levels of
Penicillin ,,
128
Pencicclovir
Inhibit s herpes viral dna synthesis so inhibit viral replication
129
Erythromycin is metabolized in
Liver and .. excreted mainly by bile
130
C deficile 50 s
Bacteriostatic ,, bacteriodes fragilis
131
30 to 40 percentage
Phosphoric acid ,, to etch enamel
132
Mandible has
Post pubertal growth potential ,,
133
Afferent impulse from pulp is
Pain ;
134
Erythema multi forme ;
135
Drug holiday and
Consider hyperbaric o2 prior to
And following tooth extn
136
Low sensitivity high specificity
Is disease that was not detected
137
Fuso porpho prevo spiro
Is necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
138
Oral pathology ; aot ameloblastoma ,, in
Ant maxilla asymptotic painless swelling ..
139
Ceot ,, pindborg :: mandibular
Molar area ; painless swelling ..
140
Submandibular gland Wharton duct ;
Picture of sialoliths ,,
141
Chronic salivary gland enlargement ;diabetes
Mellitus ,, chronic alcoholism ,,
Malnutrition ..
142
Mumps
Paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus ;
143
Mucoepidermoid carcinomas
144
Fancy name of war thins tumor is papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum ,,
Is parotid tumor :: surgical excision
145
Central giant cell granulomas ;;
Pagers disease multinucleated giant cell s
146
Basal cell carcinoma
Malignant follow by sq cell carcinomas ;
147
Develops as papule
Basal cell carcinomas
148
Tonsils and nasopharynx
A lymphoepiththelioma ; is squamous cell c undifferentiated.
149
Sq cell carcinomas of tongue metastasis to
The cervical lymph nodes !!
150
Metastasis :: sequence
Breast kidney lung colon prostate and thyroid ..least is brain
151
Scc
Clinical features
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakias
Painless ulcer
Verrucous papillary growth loose of teeth
Possible parasthesia of teeth and lower lip .
152
Lip is more common than tongue scc plummer Vinson and syphillis scc to tongue ;
Buccal mucosa ; exophytic
Gingiva and alv mucosae plaque like exophytic mass
153
Couliflower papillary invasive
Rarely metastasis oral and laryngeal cavity ;verrucous carcinomas
Ackerman Tumor ; infuriated
154
Kaposi carcinomas ; hard palate gingiva buccal mucosa ; cancer of lining of the blood vessels ;
Originates from the skin ; abnormal vascular proliferation ;
Purple to brown nodules aids imp stuff
155
Epstein bar virus causes
Infectious mono nucleosis
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Also burrkits lymphoma
Which is non Hodgkin’s lymphoma ;
156
Most common malignancy
Osteosarcomas
EWINGS
High malignant onion skin contain glycogen ; moth eaten ramus loos teeth
Raised ear anemias
157
Localized pain and swellling
Is osteosarcomas
158
Multiple myelomas
Bence jones proteinuria
Punched out radiolucencies
Poor prognosis
Lateral skull radiograph
Pain lumbar thoracic region
159
Ameloblastomas
Most aggressive epithelial odomtogenic tumor ;
160
Multi or uni locular
Appears as similar giant cell granulomas
161
Primordial cyst
On place of tooth arise. From enamel organ ,, arise from epithelium of enamel organ ;
Mandibular 3 rd molar space
162
Eruption cyst;
Reddish pink or blue black ; on crown of pri or permanent molar ,, no treatment is necessary ;
163
Dentigerous cyst
From reduced enamel epithelium ;arises from crown of unerupted tooth ;well circumscribed ; unilocular ;
164
Lateral periodontal cyst
At lateral surface of the tooth ;
If at apex it is called as radicular cyst.
165
Traumatic bone cyst
Between cuspids and ramus ;
166
Gingival cyst are ..
Swelling of gingiva in cannine and bicuspids areas; of mandible ..
167
Complex odontoma
168
Compound odontoma
169
Nevoid basal cell carcinomas has
Odontogenic ,, keratocysts ,, also called gorlin goltz syndrome ,,
Mandibular prognathism , rib anomalies ,,vertiberal anomalies
Wide nasal bridge , ***presence of okc
170
Okc
Radiopaque , remanents of dental lamina,, tendency towards
Reoccurrence.,,
171
Traumatic bone cyst ::
Vital teeth ,, mandible ,
young ,,
Patient ..
172
Cementoma (periapical cemental dysplasia ,, )
Vital teeth
Middle aged black women ,,
Mandibular incisor region ,,
173
Lat periodontal cyst
Teardrop shaped ,,well defined
Round tear drop shaped ,, radiolucency ,,opaque margin along lateral surface of tooth;
174
Globulobulomax illary cyst ;
Asymptomatic teeth vital
Can be non vital laterals
175
Thyroglossal cyst
Branchiohenic cyst
Dermoid cysts
1.haemmorhage in the mouth ..
2. From second branchial arch cleft ; at ant border of sternocleidastoid muscle ;
2. Floor of mouth hair sebaceous and sweat glands ;
176
Nasolabial - in soft tissue of upper lip ; remanents of naso lacrimal duct !
Nasopalatine heart shaped lesions cross midline ,
177
Traumatic neuromas
Trauma to the peripheral nerve ;
Mental foramen
178
Neurilemoma
Schwann cells ;
179
Polyether
Best wettabity by gypsum
180
Filled bis gma resin
Pit and fissure sealants
181
Metal ceramics
0.5 mm metal thickness
1.0 to 1.5 mm porcelain thickness ..
182
35-50 %
Phosphoric acid
183
Lingual rest is preferred to Incisal rest due to
Near to horizontal axis of rotation .. to better withstand occlusal forces ..
184
60:40
Metal to gold ratio
185
Histocytosis x
Macrophages and eosinophils
Proliferate in bones and lungs .
Divided into 3 disease
186
1 eosinophilic granuloma
2.letterer siwe disease .
3.Hand schuller Christian disease
Imp stuff
1 e.g.rnuloma..teethloose
Lungs and bones affected .
Pneumothorax,
Radiolucent area superficial alveolar bone ,
187
Letterer siwe disease
Before age 3 ,
Fatal
Histiocytes damages the lungs
Pneumothorax
Skin
Lymph glands
Bone
Liver and
Spleen ,
Less oral lesions
