louis XIII and XIV

Question 1

Young louis xiii

Answer 1

mother as regent(governened in his place)

Question 2

What happened when loui was capable of ruling ?

Answer 2

catholic churchman, Cardinal Richelieu became chief minister, wanted to reduce power of the huguenots

Question 3

WHo was cardinal richelieu ?

Answer 3

Cardinal rechelieu was a catholic churchman who used ruthless methods to fulfill his goals , he demanded that all fortified castles not necessary for the defense of france be torn down

Question 4

WHo did richelieu appoint ?

Answer 4

only appointed local officials who supported the king.

Question 5

what did richeleiu do to nobles ?

Answer 5

turned to suppressing them, and had three prominent nobles publicly executed for treason,

Question 6

what did richelieu do on the thirty year war ?

Answer 6

he involved france on side of protestants to defeat hapsburgs

Question 7

what were the four phases of the thirty year war?

Answer 7

bohemian phase, danish phase, swedish phase, french phase,

Question 8

When was the bohemian phase ?

Answer 8

1618 to 1625

Question 9

`What did ferdinand the second do during the bohemian phase

Answer 9

Ferdinand II (Protestant ) became the new
King of Bohemia and revoked all religious
freedoms that had previously been given to
Protestants

Question 10

what is the defenestration of prague ?

Answer 10

Protestants set up meeting with Catholic
officials, Prague, May 23, 1618.
* Meeting went badly, the Protestants seized two Catholic officials and tossed them out the window
* Survived the fall because they landed in a dung heap
or ditch; Catholics claimed angels saved them
* This was the spark that ignited the 30 Years’ War

Question 11

HRE

Answer 11

holy roman empire

Question 12

main events of bohemian phase ?

Answer 12

ferdinand the second elected hre + spanish habsburgs (catholics vs. frederick and czechs (potestant
Catholics crush protestants

Question 13

main mercenarie ?

Answer 13

albert von wallenstein with 125,000 soldiers

Question 14

who was albert von wallenstein ?

Answer 14

Came from a Protestant family, but later converted to
Catholicism.
◼ He fought for the HRE

Question 15

when was the danish phase ?

Answer 15

1625 - 1630

Question 16

summary of danish phase ?

Answer 16

Wallenstein, fighting for HRE & Catholics,
defeats Christian of Denmark, who was fighting for Protestants
* Ferdinand issues Edict of Restitution

Question 17

when was The Swedish Phase ?

Answer 17

(1630-1635)

Question 18

the swedish phase summary

Answer 18

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden enters the war
* Experiences success then dies to Wallenstein’s forces
* Wallenstein assassinated by Ferdinand

Question 19

when was The Swedish French Phase ?

Answer 19

The Swedish French Phase (1635-1648)

Question 20

summary of swedish french phase

Answer 20

France, Sweden, and Spain looted Germany but the Germans were too disunited to drive them out
* Estimated 1/3rd of Germany’s population died over 13 years

Question 21

whats the peace of westphelia?

Answer 21

The Thirty Years’ War officially ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia
* The treaties upheld the Peace of Augsburg, added Calvinism to the list of religions allowed in German states and nullified the Edict of Restitution

Question 22

when did the 30 year war end ?

Answer 22

The Thirty Years’ War officially ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia

Question 23

what were the changes after the 30 year war ?

Answer 23

After the Peace in 1648, the northern states in
Germany remained primarily Protestant while
the southern states in Germany remained
primarily Catholic (mostly the same)
* German princes won the right to form alliances and sign treaties as long as they didn’t declare war on the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 24

what happened to france after 30 year war ?

Answer 24

• Because Spain lost territory and France gained territory, France stood alone as the most powerful nation on the continent
• France also benefited from the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire and the weakening of the
  Habsburg family influence

Question 25

main points of 30 year war

Answer 25

The 30 Years War began as a war of religion
and developed into an international war of
politics
* While the war started as a religious war, the
war healed no religious wounds
* Because the vast majority of the fighting took place in Germany, the German states suffered more than any other participants

Question 26

when was the monarchy of luois 14 and what was his nickname ?

Answer 26

1643-1715 the sun king

Question 27

why did louis name himself the sun king

Answer 27

because of a philosophy that the earth revolved around the sun so the eart revolved around him

Question 28

main points of louis 14 ?

Answer 28

Absolute Monarchy
* Began tradition of absolute monarchy to last more than century

• As nobles grew poorer, had to depend on king’s generosity just to survive

Question 29

louis 14 in regards to huguenots

Answer 29

Louis smashed power of Huguenots
* Edict of Nantes had protected Huguenots since reign of Henry IV
* Even Richelieu had not be able to eliminate that protection
* 1685, Louis revoked edict, outlawed Protestantism in France
* Loss of their skills, wealth helped cause financial crisis

Question 30

how many times did luois 14 take france to war ?

Answer 30

four

Question 31

finance problems in regards to louis 14 ?

Answer 31

used most money on himself and his routines and a lot on army and expanding territory.

Question 32

how was france divided in 17th century ?

Answer 32

Feudal tradition – society divided into 3 Estates.
a.First Estate: clergy; 1% of population.
b.Second Estate: nobility; 3-4%
c.Third Estate: Bourgeoisie, artisans, urban
workers, peasants.
2. Agrarian Society

Question 33

WHat was the treaty of ultrecht ?

Answer 33

Treaty of Utrecht
1713, after many defeats, Louis accepted the
Treaty of Utrecht
* Treaty said Louis’s grandson got Spanish throne
* Also said France, Spain never to be ruled by same monarch.
* Louis had to give up most of territory he had taken
* War benefited England at expense of France, Spain
* Despite setback, Louis XIV remained in power until death, 1715—still absolute monarch

Question 34

what happened after galileo shared his heliocentric theory?

Answer 34

he was interrogated by the Inquisition, was put on trial, found guilty and sentenced to indefinite imprisonment. (house arrest)

Question 35

abjuration

Answer 35

to take a statement back

Question 36

what did aldo manuzio do ?

Answer 36

• fixed punctuation (the full stop at end of sentence, the comma, the apostrophe and the accent, and the invention of the semicolon;
  [2] invented the italic typeface,
  [3] introduced the so-called in octavo format,
  [4] was finally the first to print a book with numbered sheets on both sides (front and back).