louis XIII and XIV Flashcards
Young louis xiii
mother as regent(governened in his place)
What happened when loui was capable of ruling ?
catholic churchman, Cardinal Richelieu became chief minister, wanted to reduce power of the huguenots
WHo was cardinal richelieu ?
Cardinal rechelieu was a catholic churchman who used ruthless methods to fulfill his goals , he demanded that all fortified castles not necessary for the defense of france be torn down
WHo did richelieu appoint ?
only appointed local officials who supported the king.
what did richeleiu do to nobles ?
turned to suppressing them, and had three prominent nobles publicly executed for treason,
what did richelieu do on the thirty year war ?
he involved france on side of protestants to defeat hapsburgs
what were the four phases of the thirty year war?
bohemian phase, danish phase, swedish phase, french phase,
When was the bohemian phase ?
1618 to 1625
`What did ferdinand the second do during the bohemian phase
Ferdinand II (Protestant ) became the new
King of Bohemia and revoked all religious
freedoms that had previously been given to
Protestants
what is the defenestration of prague ?
Protestants set up meeting with Catholic
officials, Prague, May 23, 1618.
* Meeting went badly, the Protestants seized two Catholic officials and tossed them out the window
* Survived the fall because they landed in a dung heap
or ditch; Catholics claimed angels saved them
* This was the spark that ignited the 30 Years’ War
HRE
holy roman empire
main events of bohemian phase ?
ferdinand the second elected hre + spanish habsburgs (catholics vs. frederick and czechs (potestant
Catholics crush protestants
main mercenarie ?
albert von wallenstein with 125,000 soldiers
who was albert von wallenstein ?
Came from a Protestant family, but later converted to
Catholicism.
◼ He fought for the HRE
when was the danish phase ?
1625 - 1630
summary of danish phase ?
Wallenstein, fighting for HRE & Catholics,
defeats Christian of Denmark, who was fighting for Protestants
* Ferdinand issues Edict of Restitution
when was The Swedish Phase ?
(1630-1635)
the swedish phase summary
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden enters the war
* Experiences success then dies to Wallenstein’s forces
* Wallenstein assassinated by Ferdinand
when was The Swedish French Phase ?
The Swedish French Phase (1635-1648)
summary of swedish french phase
France, Sweden, and Spain looted Germany but the Germans were too disunited to drive them out
* Estimated 1/3rd of Germany’s population died over 13 years
whats the peace of westphelia?
The Thirty Years’ War officially ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia
* The treaties upheld the Peace of Augsburg, added Calvinism to the list of religions allowed in German states and nullified the Edict of Restitution
when did the 30 year war end ?
The Thirty Years’ War officially ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia
what were the changes after the 30 year war ?
After the Peace in 1648, the northern states in
Germany remained primarily Protestant while
the southern states in Germany remained
primarily Catholic (mostly the same)
* German princes won the right to form alliances and sign treaties as long as they didn’t declare war on the Holy Roman Empire.
what happened to france after 30 year war ?
- Because Spain lost territory and France gained territory, France stood alone as the most powerful nation on the continent
- France also benefited from the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire and the weakening of the
Habsburg family influence
main points of 30 year war
The 30 Years War began as a war of religion
and developed into an international war of
politics
* While the war started as a religious war, the
war healed no religious wounds
* Because the vast majority of the fighting took place in Germany, the German states suffered more than any other participants
when was the monarchy of luois 14 and what was his nickname ?
1643-1715 the sun king
why did louis name himself the sun king
because of a philosophy that the earth revolved around the sun so the eart revolved around him
main points of louis 14 ?
Absolute Monarchy
* Began tradition of absolute monarchy to last more than century
- As nobles grew poorer, had to depend on king’s generosity just to survive
louis 14 in regards to huguenots
Louis smashed power of Huguenots
* Edict of Nantes had protected Huguenots since reign of Henry IV
* Even Richelieu had not be able to eliminate that protection
* 1685, Louis revoked edict, outlawed Protestantism in France
* Loss of their skills, wealth helped cause financial crisis
how many times did luois 14 take france to war ?
four
finance problems in regards to louis 14 ?
used most money on himself and his routines and a lot on army and expanding territory.
how was france divided in 17th century ?
Feudal tradition – society divided into 3 Estates.
a.First Estate: clergy; 1% of population.
b.Second Estate: nobility; 3-4%
c.Third Estate: Bourgeoisie, artisans, urban
workers, peasants.
2. Agrarian Society
WHat was the treaty of ultrecht ?
Treaty of Utrecht
1713, after many defeats, Louis accepted the
Treaty of Utrecht
* Treaty said Louis’s grandson got Spanish throne
* Also said France, Spain never to be ruled by same monarch.
* Louis had to give up most of territory he had taken
* War benefited England at expense of France, Spain
* Despite setback, Louis XIV remained in power until death, 1715—still absolute monarch
what happened after galileo shared his heliocentric theory?
he was interrogated by the Inquisition, was put on trial, found guilty and sentenced to indefinite imprisonment. (house arrest)
abjuration
to take a statement back
what did aldo manuzio do ?
- fixed punctuation (the full stop at end of sentence, the comma, the apostrophe and the accent, and the invention of the semicolon;
[2] invented the italic typeface,
[3] introduced the so-called in octavo format,
[4] was finally the first to print a book with numbered sheets on both sides (front and back).
