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BIO1002 - ANIMAL KINGDOM > Long words and hard stuff > Flashcards

Long words and hard stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the head of a parasitic flat worm (class cestoda) called?

A

Scolex

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2
Q

Name the 5 types of germ layers.

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, neural crest and placodes

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3
Q

_____ genes control development.

A

Hox

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4
Q

In vertebrates, vertebrae protect the _______ .

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

Cartilage is made from ______ and _______

A

Collagen

Elastin

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6
Q

If an organism has NO body cavity (coelom) is described as an:

A

Acoelomate

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7
Q

If an organism has a fluid filled space between the mesoderm and endoderm they can be described as a:

A

Pseudocoelomate (“false cavity”)

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8
Q

If an organism has a body cavity (coelom) is described as a:

A

coelomate

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9
Q

The _____ is the gut structure in rotifera

A

mastrax

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10
Q

What is the function of proglottids in cestoda?

A

body segment involved with sexual reproduction

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11
Q

What is the function of ctenidia in the phylum mollusca?

A

respiration

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12
Q

In the phylum nermetea, from where does the proboscis (sucking organ) evert?

A

from the rhynchocoel

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13
Q

What are the bristles on a worm known as?

A

Chaetae

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14
Q

What is the chemical that leeches produce?

A

hirudin

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15
Q

What word describes a single cell with more than one nucleus inside it?

A

synctium

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16
Q

__________ is reducing metabolic activity to an undetectable level

A

cryptobiosis

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17
Q

Having a fixed number of cells per organism is known as _______.

A

eutely

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18
Q

Define uniramous

A

Having one branch; one segment attaches to another single body segment

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19
Q

Define biramous

A

Dividing to form two branches; one segment attaches to 2 body segments

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20
Q

Do hemimetabolous organisms have a pupal stage?

A

No

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21
Q

Do homometabolous organisms have a pupal stage?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What is an endostyle?

A

Ciliated groove on the ventral side of the pharynx, may secrete mucus

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23
Q

_______ is a sucking organ in acorn worms

A

Proboscis

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24
Q

Hagfish and lampreys are ________ (“circle mouths”)

A

Cyclostomes

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25
Q 
Anapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es)
Synapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es)
Diapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es)
A

No
1
2

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26
Q

______ is the fossil of an early amphibian

A

Tiktaalik

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27
Q

What is the patagium?

A

Membrane across a bats wing

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28
Q

What is the name given to egg laying mammals?

A

Monotremes (eg: platypus and echidna)

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29
Q

Name the defensive pincer in echinodermata

A

pedicellaria

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30
Q

What is the “Aristotles Lantern” and in which species is it found?

A

a conical structure of calcareous plates and muscles supporting the rasping teeth of a sea urchin

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31
Q

_______ are considered to be the closest living relative to all animals

A

choanoflagellates

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32
Q

what type of cells characterise the phylum Porifera?

A

choanocytes (funnel cells)

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33
Q

what type of cells characterise the phylum Ctenophora?

A

ctenes; cells + plates of cilia for movement

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34
Q

what type of cells characterise the phylum Cnidaria?

A

cnidocyte cells

35
Q

Phylum: Porifera

Name the 3 classes

A

Demospongiae
Hexactinellida
Calcarea

36
Q

What are ctenophora known as? (common name)

A

comb jellies

37
Q

Phylum: Cnidaria

Name the 4 classes

A

Anthrozoa (sea anemone)
Hydrozoa (hydra)
Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Cubozoa (box jellyfish)

38
Q

The sessile stage of a cnidaria is known as a ______

A

polyp

39
Q

The mobile stage of a cnidaria is known as a ______

A

medusa

40
Q

Ctenophora/Cnidaria have 2 cell layers, and are grouped to form the _________

A

Diploblasts

41
Q

The sister group to diploblasts are the _______

A

triploblasts

42
Q

Triploblastic organisms can be split into 2 groups. Protostome and ________

A

deuterostome

43
Q

Protostome means “______ _______”

A

“first mouth”. Blastopore becomes the mouth during gastrulation

44
Q

In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the ____ .

A

anus

45
Q

There are 2 subdivisions (superphylum) of protostome. One is lophotrochozoa, characterised by trochophore larvae. The other is ________, characterised by the shedding of external cuticle/exoskeleton.

A

Ecdysozoan

46
Q

What are the 3 phylum within the deuterostome super phylum?

A

Echinodermata
Chordates
Hemichordata

47
Q

What is the common name for Bryozoa?

A

moss animals

48
Q

Name the 4 classes under the phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Turbellaria
Trematoda
Monogenea
Cestoda

49
Q

name the 4 classes under the phylum mollusca

A

polyplacophora (“many shells”)
gastropoda (snails, slugs etc)
bivalvia (clams etc)
cephalopoda (squid, octopus etc)

50
Q

name the 3 classes under the phylum annelida

A

oligochaetes (eg earthworm)
hirudinea (eg leeches)
polychaete

51
Q

Name the 4 phyla that make up ecdysozoa

A

nematoda (unsegmented worms)
tardigrade (water bear)
onychophoran (water bear)
arthropoda

52
Q

Name the 7 phyla that make up the lophotrochozoa

A 
bryozoa (moss animal)
branchiopoda 
rotifera ("wheel bearers")
platyhelminthes (flat worms)
mollusca (snails, bivalve, squid etc)
nermetea (bootlace / ribbon worm)
annelida (segmented worm)
53
Q

name the 4 subphyla under the phylum arthropoda

A

crustacea (crabs, barnacles, daphnia etc)
chelicerata (4 pairs of legs, pedipalp and chelicera)
myriapoda (“many legs”, centipedes/millepedes)
hexpoda (insects)

54
Q

name the 3 class under subphyla crustacea

A

malacostra (prawns, crabs etc)
branchiopoda (daphnia)
maxillopoda (barnacle)

55
Q

name the class under subphyla chelicerata

A

arachnida

56
Q

name the orders (4) of class arachnida

A

aranea (spiders)
scorpiones
opiliones (harvestmen)
acarina (tick)

57
Q

name the class under subphyla hexapoda

A

insecta

58
Q

name the 5 orders under class insecta

A 
odonata (toothed)
orthoptera (straight wings)
diptera (2 wings)
hymenoptera (membrane wings)
coleoptera (sheet winged)
59
Q

Phylum: echinodermata

Name the 5 classes:

A 
asteroidea (starfish)
ophiuroids (brittle stars)
crinoids (feather stars)
echinoids (sea urchin) 
holothuroidea (sea cucumber)
60
Q

Phylum: hemichordates are mainly what type of animal?

A

acorn worms

61
Q

phylum: chordata

name the 3 subphyla

A

cephalochordata
urochordata
vertebrata

62
Q

urochordates are commonly known as _______

A

tunicates (sea squirts). Tunic made of tunicin. Adult loses notochord.

63
Q

cephalochordates are commonly known as _______

A

lancelets

64
Q

Vertebrate are characterised by the following features:

A

coelom
anterior skull
heart controlling blood circulation
vertebral column replaces notochord

65
Q

Fish classes :

chondrichthyes = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
osteichthyes = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
actinopterygii = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
sarcopterygii = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

cartilaginous fish
bony fish
ray finned fish
lobe finned fish

66
Q

4 orders under the class reptilia are:

A

testudines
squamata
crocodilia
tuatara

67
Q

class : mammals

2 subclass, protheria and theria. What is the difference?

A

protheria = before breast. lack nipples. mammary glands secrete milk onto the fur. e.g.: monotremes such as platypus

theria = breast

68
Q

phylum: chordata
subphyla : vertebrata
class: mammalia

order for bats?

A

chiroptera

69
Q

families of bats: (2 families)

A

mircochiroptera

megachiroptera

70
Q

order: primates

sub order _______ includes lemurs, loris etc

A

prosimians

71
Q

order: primates

sub order _______ includes humans, baboon, chimpanzee etc

A

anthropoids

72
Q

what does pentadactyl mean?

A

(of a vertebrate limb) having five toes or fingers, or derived from such a form, as characteristic of all tetrapods.

73
Q

What is the name of the structure that becomes an egg sac in earthworms and in leeches?

A

clitellum

74
Q

In nematodes, the main body cavity is:

A

A pseuodocoel made of vacuoles of enlarged cells

75
Q

What is the name of the toothed feeding structure that gastropods, chitons and cephalopods have?

A

radula

76
Q

Which cell layer gives rise to skin and much of the nervous system of animals during development?

A

ectoderm

77
Q

Malpighian tubules are:

A

Excretory organs in insects

78
Q

What is the name of the class of echinoderms that have both their mouth and their anus directed upwards?

A

crinoids

79
Q

Name the era of geological time that is known as the ‘Age of Reptiles’, and includes the Tirassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

A

mesozoic era

80
Q

To which phylum do animals that have a rhynchocoel belong?

A

nermetea

81
Q

what is a true coelom enclosed by?

A

peritoneum

82
Q

To which Phylum do the Clitellata belong?

A

annelida

83
Q

What is the feeding structure of Brachiopoda called?

A

lophophore

84
Q

epitoky =

A

segment swells and fills with gametes

BIO1002 - ANIMAL KINGDOM (1 decks)

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