Long words and hard stuff Flashcards
What is the head of a parasitic flat worm (class cestoda) called?
Scolex
Name the 5 types of germ layers.
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, neural crest and placodes
_____ genes control development.
Hox
In vertebrates, vertebrae protect the _______ .
spinal cord
Cartilage is made from ______ and _______
Collagen
Elastin
If an organism has NO body cavity (coelom) is described as an:
Acoelomate
If an organism has a fluid filled space between the mesoderm and endoderm they can be described as a:
Pseudocoelomate (“false cavity”)
If an organism has a body cavity (coelom) is described as a:
coelomate
The _____ is the gut structure in rotifera
mastrax
What is the function of proglottids in cestoda?
body segment involved with sexual reproduction
What is the function of ctenidia in the phylum mollusca?
respiration
In the phylum nermetea, from where does the proboscis (sucking organ) evert?
from the rhynchocoel
What are the bristles on a worm known as?
Chaetae
What is the chemical that leeches produce?
hirudin
What word describes a single cell with more than one nucleus inside it?
synctium
__________ is reducing metabolic activity to an undetectable level
cryptobiosis
Having a fixed number of cells per organism is known as _______.
eutely
Define uniramous
Having one branch; one segment attaches to another single body segment
Define biramous
Dividing to form two branches; one segment attaches to 2 body segments
Do hemimetabolous organisms have a pupal stage?
No
Do homometabolous organisms have a pupal stage?
Yes
What is an endostyle?
Ciliated groove on the ventral side of the pharynx, may secrete mucus
_______ is a sucking organ in acorn worms
Proboscis
Hagfish and lampreys are ________ (“circle mouths”)
Cyclostomes
Anapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es) Synapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es) Diapsid = \_\_\_\_ arch(es)
No
1
2
______ is the fossil of an early amphibian
Tiktaalik
What is the patagium?
Membrane across a bats wing
What is the name given to egg laying mammals?
Monotremes (eg: platypus and echidna)
Name the defensive pincer in echinodermata
pedicellaria
What is the “Aristotles Lantern” and in which species is it found?
a conical structure of calcareous plates and muscles supporting the rasping teeth of a sea urchin
_______ are considered to be the closest living relative to all animals
choanoflagellates
what type of cells characterise the phylum Porifera?
choanocytes (funnel cells)
what type of cells characterise the phylum Ctenophora?
ctenes; cells + plates of cilia for movement
what type of cells characterise the phylum Cnidaria?
cnidocyte cells
Phylum: Porifera
Name the 3 classes
Demospongiae
Hexactinellida
Calcarea
What are ctenophora known as? (common name)
comb jellies
Phylum: Cnidaria
Name the 4 classes
Anthrozoa (sea anemone)
Hydrozoa (hydra)
Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Cubozoa (box jellyfish)
The sessile stage of a cnidaria is known as a ______
polyp
The mobile stage of a cnidaria is known as a ______
medusa
Ctenophora/Cnidaria have 2 cell layers, and are grouped to form the _________
Diploblasts
The sister group to diploblasts are the _______
triploblasts
Triploblastic organisms can be split into 2 groups. Protostome and ________
deuterostome
Protostome means “______ _______”
“first mouth”. Blastopore becomes the mouth during gastrulation
In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the ____ .
anus
There are 2 subdivisions (superphylum) of protostome. One is lophotrochozoa, characterised by trochophore larvae. The other is ________, characterised by the shedding of external cuticle/exoskeleton.
Ecdysozoan
What are the 3 phylum within the deuterostome super phylum?
Echinodermata
Chordates
Hemichordata
What is the common name for Bryozoa?
moss animals
Name the 4 classes under the phylum Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Trematoda
Monogenea
Cestoda
name the 4 classes under the phylum mollusca
polyplacophora (“many shells”)
gastropoda (snails, slugs etc)
bivalvia (clams etc)
cephalopoda (squid, octopus etc)
name the 3 classes under the phylum annelida
oligochaetes (eg earthworm)
hirudinea (eg leeches)
polychaete
Name the 4 phyla that make up ecdysozoa
nematoda (unsegmented worms)
tardigrade (water bear)
onychophoran (water bear)
arthropoda
Name the 7 phyla that make up the lophotrochozoa
bryozoa (moss animal)
branchiopoda
rotifera ("wheel bearers")
platyhelminthes (flat worms)
mollusca (snails, bivalve, squid etc)
nermetea (bootlace / ribbon worm)
annelida (segmented worm)name the 4 subphyla under the phylum arthropoda
crustacea (crabs, barnacles, daphnia etc)
chelicerata (4 pairs of legs, pedipalp and chelicera)
myriapoda (“many legs”, centipedes/millepedes)
hexpoda (insects)
name the 3 class under subphyla crustacea
malacostra (prawns, crabs etc)
branchiopoda (daphnia)
maxillopoda (barnacle)
name the class under subphyla chelicerata
arachnida
name the orders (4) of class arachnida
aranea (spiders)
scorpiones
opiliones (harvestmen)
acarina (tick)
name the class under subphyla hexapoda
insecta
name the 5 orders under class insecta
odonata (toothed) orthoptera (straight wings) diptera (2 wings) hymenoptera (membrane wings) coleoptera (sheet winged)
Phylum: echinodermata
Name the 5 classes:
asteroidea (starfish) ophiuroids (brittle stars) crinoids (feather stars) echinoids (sea urchin) holothuroidea (sea cucumber)
Phylum: hemichordates are mainly what type of animal?
acorn worms
phylum: chordata
name the 3 subphyla
cephalochordata
urochordata
vertebrata
urochordates are commonly known as _______
tunicates (sea squirts). Tunic made of tunicin. Adult loses notochord.
cephalochordates are commonly known as _______
lancelets
Vertebrate are characterised by the following features:
coelom
anterior skull
heart controlling blood circulation
vertebral column replaces notochord
Fish classes :
chondrichthyes = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ osteichthyes = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ actinopterygii = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sarcopterygii = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
cartilaginous fish
bony fish
ray finned fish
lobe finned fish
4 orders under the class reptilia are:
testudines
squamata
crocodilia
tuatara
class : mammals
2 subclass, protheria and theria. What is the difference?
protheria = before breast. lack nipples. mammary glands secrete milk onto the fur. e.g.: monotremes such as platypus
theria = breast
phylum: chordata
subphyla : vertebrata
class: mammalia
order for bats?
chiroptera
families of bats: (2 families)
mircochiroptera
megachiroptera
order: primates
sub order _______ includes lemurs, loris etc
prosimians
order: primates
sub order _______ includes humans, baboon, chimpanzee etc
anthropoids
what does pentadactyl mean?
(of a vertebrate limb) having five toes or fingers, or derived from such a form, as characteristic of all tetrapods.
What is the name of the structure that becomes an egg sac in earthworms and in leeches?
clitellum
In nematodes, the main body cavity is:
A pseuodocoel made of vacuoles of enlarged cells
What is the name of the toothed feeding structure that gastropods, chitons and cephalopods have?
radula
Which cell layer gives rise to skin and much of the nervous system of animals during development?
ectoderm
Malpighian tubules are:
Excretory organs in insects
What is the name of the class of echinoderms that have both their mouth and their anus directed upwards?
crinoids
Name the era of geological time that is known as the ‘Age of Reptiles’, and includes the Tirassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
mesozoic era
To which phylum do animals that have a rhynchocoel belong?
nermetea
what is a true coelom enclosed by?
peritoneum
To which Phylum do the Clitellata belong?
annelida
What is the feeding structure of Brachiopoda called?
lophophore
epitoky =
segment swells and fills with gametes
