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CHEM 10.01 > Long Test #3 > Flashcards

Long Test #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

an interaction between two compounds or elements that forms new compounds

A

chemical reactions

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2
Q

A + B -> AB

A

synthesis

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3
Q

AB -> A + B

A

decomposition

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4
Q

AC + B -> A + BC

A

single replacement

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5
Q

AB + CD -> AD + CB

A

double replacement

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6
Q

combining a compound with carbon or oxygen to form a flame; produces CO2 and H2O

A

combustion

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7
Q

a type of chemical reaction that involves free radicals

A

polymerization

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8
Q

a type of chemical reaction where structures are rearranged under the presence of heat

A

mallard reaction

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9
Q

plants absorption of sunlight

A

photosynthesis

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10
Q

the chemist’s dozen

A

moles

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11
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

6.022 x 10^23

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12
Q

number used to convert number of atoms to moles

A

Avogadro’s number

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13
Q

the mass of one mole of a substance

A

molar mass/atomic mass

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14
Q

ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield

A

percent yield

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15
Q

when one reactant isn’t enough; reagent that is lacking

A

limiting reagents

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16
Q

sour taste, corrosive to metal, pH < 7

A

acids

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17
Q

bitter taste, slippery surface, pH > 7

A

bases

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18
Q

known as the universal solvent for acids and bases

A

water

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19
Q

an acid or base that ionizes fully

A

strong acid/base

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20
Q

an acid or base that ionizes partially

A

weak acid/base

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21
Q

gains one charge from donating a proton

A

conjugate acid

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22
Q

loses one charge from receiving a proton

A

conjugate base

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23
Q

concentration of protons in a
solution

A

pH

24
Q

equation of pH

A

-log[H+]

25
Q

three examples of pH indicators

A

phenolphthalein, natural indicators, litmus paper

26
Q

theory that acids produce H+ and bases produce OH-

A

Arrhenius Theory

27
Q

theory that acids donate protons and bases accept them

A

Brønsted-Lowry Theory

28
Q

solution of a weak acid/base and its conjugate

A

buffer

29
Q

homogenous mixture of 2+ substances

A

solution

30
Q

the dissolved component in a solution

A

solute

31
Q

the dissolver in the solution

A

solvent

32
Q

the process of turning an acid and base into water and a salt

A

neutralization

33
Q

“like dissolves like”

A

polarity

34
Q

mixture of immiscible liquids

A

emulsions

35
Q

measure of solute in a solution

A

concentration

36
Q

quantitative measure of concentration

A

molarity

37
Q

diffusion of solvent with semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

38
Q

loss of electrons during a reaction

A

oxidation

39
Q

gain of electrons during a reaction

A

reduction

40
Q

type of reaction involving the transfer of electrons

A

redox reactions

41
Q

reaction that absorbs heat, making surroundings cold

A

endothermic

42
Q

reaction that releases heat, making surroundings hot

A

exothermic

43
Q

if system A = C, and system B = C, then system A = B

A

0th Law of Thermodynamics

44
Q

energy can be converted from one type to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics

45
Q

state of entropy in an isolated universe increases over time

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

46
Q

pure crystalline structure at absolute zero will have no entropy

A

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

47
Q

measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit; measurement of “randomness”

A

entropy

48
Q

original theory on gases, assumes that IMFA is ignores

A

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

49
Q

four properties of gas

A

pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles

50
Q

pressure and volume in an INVERSE relationship

A

Boyle’s Law

51
Q

volume and temperature in an DIRECT relationship

A

Charles’s Law

52
Q

pressure and temperature in an DIRECT relationship

A

Gay-Lussac’s Law

53
Q

volume and number of moles in an DIRECT relationship

A

Avogadro’s Law

54
Q

combination of all gas laws

A

Ideal Gas Law

55
Q

aka Vaan Der Waals equation, puts IMFA into account

A

Real Gas Law

56
Q

substance that burns and gives off large amounts of energy

A

fuels

CHEM 10.01 (4 decks)

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