Long Test 1: The Traditional Music of Africa

Question 1

It is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black American Music

Answer 1

Afrobeat

Question 2

A musical gente from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan

Answer 2

Apala (Akpala)

Question 3

It is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha, reggae and calypso

Answer 3

Axe

Question 4

A hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment influenced by mbira-based guitar styles

Answer 4

Jit

Question 5

A popular form of South American music featuring a lively abd uninhibited variarion of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance

Answer 5

Jive

Question 6

A popular music style from Nigera that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking frum or squeeze drum)

Answer 6

Juju

Question 7

Kwassa-Kwassa

Answer 7

A music style that begun in Zaire in the late 1980s popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the moves move back and forth while the arms move following the hips

Question 8

A South African three-chord township music of the late 1930s-1960s which evolved into African Jazz. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time

Answer 8

Marabi

Question 9

Mainly functional in nature which is used
primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship,
and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while many
traditional societies view their music as a form of entertainment.

Answer 9

African Traditional Music

Question 10

It is the combination of strong rhythms of African percussion
instruments and Portuguese melodies. This form of music is being paraded along
the streets by up to 100 participants.

Answer 10

Maracatu

Question 11

It is one of the most widely performed musical forms of the late 19th
century. The melodies of ____ are expressive and soulful. The slaves and their
descendants used to sing these as they work in the fields

Answer 11

Blues

Question 12

It is a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s which originated in
the African-American community throughout the United States. It combines
elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.

Answer 12

Soul

Question 13

It originated in the Unites States and created by African-American
slaves. It is also known as “Negro Spiritual”. It became a means of imparting
Christian values and a way of venting their hardships as slaves.

Answer 13

Spiritual

Question 14

It is likened to a question and answer sequence in human
communication. The slaves used to sing these songs while simultaneously doing
all their tasks in a day.

Answer 14

Call and Response

Question 15

It is a single bell or multiple bells and is considered as the
oldest samba instrument based on West African Yoruba single or double
bells. It has the highest pitch of any of the bateria instruments.

Answer 15

Agogo

Question 16

It is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West Africa,
consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the
gourd.

Answer 16

Shekere

Question 17

It is a hollow percussion instrument. Although
known as a drum, it is not a true drum but is an idiophone. It is usually
carved or constructed from bamboo or wood into a box with one or more
slits in the top

Answer 17

Slit/Log Drum

Question 18

It is a hollowed cylinder of wood with a
narrow longitudinal opening or slit whose edges are struck to produce
a deep, sonorous tone. They are considered to be portraits of ancestors
so that when played, it is the voices of awakened ancestors which
resonate from their interior chamber.

Answer 18

Atingting Kon (Slit Gong)

Question 19

It is a kind of wooden xylophone or percussion idiophone
which plays melodic tunes. It has been played in the region since the
1300s. In the 16th century, it became a real art at the royal court of
Sikasso/ Mali and was flourishing under the reign of a generous king.

Answer 19

Balafon

Question 20

Sound is produced by the body of the instrument vibrating.

Answer 20

Idiophones

Question 21

Sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched
membrane

Answer 21

Membranophones

Question 22

It refers to African music using their bodies as
instruments. Their body can be used to produce sound by clapping their
hands, slapping their thighs, pounding their upper arms or chests, or
shuffling their feet. Wearing of rattles or bells on their wrists, ankles,
arms, and waists enhances their emotional response.

Answer 22

Body Percussion

Question 23

It is used to send messages to announce births,
deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiations or war. It is
believed that the drums can carry direct messages to the spirits after
the death of a loved one

Answer 23

Talking Drum

Question 24

The West African _______ (pronounced zhem-bay) is one of
the best-known African drums. It is shaped like a large goblet and
played with bare hands. The body is carved from a hollowed trunk and
is covered with goat skin.

Answer 24

Djembe

Question 25

Sound is produced by the vibration of tongues of metal, wood or other materials

Answer 25

Lamellaphone

Question 26

It is a set of plucked tines or keys mounted on a sound board. It is being played by holding the instrument in the hands and plucking the tines with the thumbs. They used this instrument to drive away evil spirits since it is believed that it was a vector of communication with ancestors and spirits.

Answer 26

Mbira (Kalimba/Thumb Piano)

Question 27

It is a hand-crafted instrument with a unique harp or bell-like sound. It is a popular traditional instrument of the Shona people in Zimbabwe. It is a radical redesign of the African Mbira and it consists of up to 150 metal tines attached to a wooden board, comprising up to five octaves.

Answer 27

Array Mbira

Question 28

Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.

Answer 28

Chordophones

Question 29

The _______ is the ancestor of all string instruments. It is the oldest and one of the most widely used string instruments of Africa. It consists of a single string attached to each end of a curved stick, similar to a bow and arrow.

Answer 29

Musical Bow

Question 30

The ___ is an African fiddle played with a bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with the fingers. It has one or two strings made of steel or bicycle brake wire. It is from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer 30

Zeze

Question 31

Sound is produced through the vibration of air.

Answer 31

Aerophone

Question 32

It is a type of flute which is widely used throughout Africa and either vertical or side-blown. They are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end and blown like a bottle

Answer 32

Fulani

Question 33

Made from the ____ of a ____ antelope. It sound releases a mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent

Answer 33

Kudu Horn

Question 34

The ethnic and cultural groups of the principal ______ share many similar yet distinctive music elements. Songs had a wide range of volume levels. Songs celebrate themes like harvest, planting season or other important events or occasions of the year

Answer 34

Native American/Indian Music

Question 35

The natives were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments. The indigenous music of _______ was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worships and ceremonies

Answer 35

Indigenous Latin American Music

Question 36

The _____ influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instrument

Answer 36

Afro-latin American Music

Question 37

The different regions of _____ America adopted various characteristics from their ____ colonizers. Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts

Answer 37

Euro-latin American Music

Question 38

The result of the massive infusion of African culture also brought about the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba

Answer 38

Mixed American Music

Question 39

It is a dance form of African origin around 1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro. Its lively rhythm was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the carnival

Answer 39

Samba

Question 40

It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the guitar, contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves. Its most important legacy is its influence on present-day Latin American music, particularly as the forerunner of the salsa.

Answer 40

Son

Question 41

It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New York in the mid 1970s. Its style contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Caribbean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco

Answer 41

Salsa

Question 42

The varied cultures developed in _________ gave rise to different types of wind and percussion instruments. As some instruments were considered holy and music was supposed to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing these instruments were considered offensive and insulting to them.

Answer 42

Musical Instruments of Latin America

Question 43

These are the instruments that were played during the _____ Empire (c. 1345- 1521 CE) and ______ Civilization (1800 BC – AD 950). ______ and ______ people are people who lived in Southern Mexico and Northern Central America Central.

Answer 43

Aztec and Mayan instruments

Question 44

It is a flute variety from the Aztec culture made of clay with decorations of abstract designs or images of their deities.

Answer 44

Tlapitzalli

Question 45

It is a Mexican slit drum hollowed out and carved from a piece of hardwood with designs representing human figures or animals to be used for both religious and recreational purposes.

Answer 45

Teponaztli

Question 46

It is a wind instrument made from a seashell usually of a large sea snail. It is prepared by cutting a hole in its spine near the apex, and then blown into as if it were a trumpet.

Answer 46

Conch

Question 47

It is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping a group of notched sticks with another stick, creating a series of rattling effects

Answer 47

Rasp

Question 48

It is a Mexican upright tubular drum used by the Aztecs and other ancient civilizations. It is made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on three legs cut from the base, with its stretched skin beaten by the hand or a wooden mallet.

Answer 48

Huehueti

Question 49

These are instruments that were being played during the civilization of _____ between c. 1400 and 1533 CE in Pre-Columbian America, which was centered in what is now Peru. The _____ built one of the largest, most tightly controlled empires the world has ever known.

Answer 49

Incan instruments

Question 50

It is an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four to 12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projected from the body.

Answer 50

Ocarina

Question 51

These are ancient instruments tuned to different scalar varieties, played by blowing across the tubetop.

Answer 51

Zampoñas (Panpipes)

Question 52

These are the instruments that were being played during the _____ Civilization (c. 3000 BCE – 1537). This civilization is considered indigenous and not derived from other civilizations mainly because they came from the river valleys of the coastal desserts of Peru

Answer 52

Andean Instruments

Question 53

It is a side-blown cane flute that is played all year round.

Answer 53

Siku

Question 54

These are vertical duct flutes with a mouthpiece similar to that of a recorder, used during the rainy season.

Answer 54

Tarkas

Question 55

These are vertical cane flutes with an end-notched made from fragile bamboo. They are used during the dry season.

Answer 55

Quenas

Question 56

It is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and an enormous guitarron. ______ music is extremely passionate and romantic with their blended harmonies and characterized by catchy rhythms.

Answer 56

Mariachi

Question 57

It is a popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics, originating in Panama and Colombia. It contains varying rhythmic meters.

Answer 57

Cumbia

Question 58

It is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance and remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music that is most expressive

Answer 58

Tango

Question 59

Cha Cha

Answer 59

It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba in 1953 that was derived from the mambo. The Cuban _______ is considered more sensual because it contains polyrhythmic patterns.

Question 60

It is a popular recreational dance with Afro-Cuban origin. It is normally used as a ballroom dance where a couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart, with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow sequence

Answer 60

Rumba

Question 61

It is the slower and gentler version of the Cuban Samba, originated in the 1950s. It is the Portuguese term for “new trend”. This genre integrates melody, harmony and rhythm into swaying feel and mostly sung in a nasal manner. Antonio Carlos Jobim is the foremost international figure of ________ while Sitti Navarro is his Filipino counterpar

Answer 61

Bossa Nova

Question 62

It is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid1960s. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat and the offbeat rhythm section. Bob Marley is the best- known proponent of _____ who hails from Jamaica

Answer 62

Reggae

Question 63

It is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA. This dance had no fixed step pattern, instead borrowing from other dance forms and having a simple forward/backward sequence.

Answer 63

Foxtrot

Question 64

It is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights which means “double step”. The dance is arrogant and dignified where the dancer takes strong steps forward with the heels accompanied by artistic hand movements, foot stomping, sharp and quick.

Answer 64

Paso Doble