Long Term Conditions Flashcards
In Wilson and Jungner’s criteria for screening, what comes under ‘Knowledge of Disease’? (3)
The condition should be important
There must be a reconcilable latent or early asymptomatic stage
The natural course of the condition, from latent to declared disease, should be adequately understood
In Wilson and Jungner’s criteria for screening, what comes under ‘Knowledge of Test’? (3)
Suitable test or examination
Test acceptable to population
Case finding should be continuous
In Wilson and Jungner’s criteria for screening, what comes under ‘Treatment for Disease’? (3)
Accepted treatment for patients with recognised disease
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment available
Agreed policy concerning whom to treat as patients
In Wilson and Jungner’s criteria for screening, what comes under ‘Cost Considerations’? (1)
Costs of case finding (including diagnosis and treatment) must be economically balanced in relation to the possible expenditures on medical care as a whole
Name three pieces of legislation intended to improve disability against disabled people
Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005
Equality Act 2010
What is the dictionary definition of disability?
Lacking in one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or coordinate one’s movements
What is the legal definition of disability?
Disability Discrimination Act - difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental. A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities, ongoing for more than 12 months.
Name the three headings that the ICIDH classify disability under, and briefly explain what they mean
Body and Structure Impairment - abnormalities of structure, organ or system function (organ level)
Activity Limitation - changed functional performance and activity by the individual (personal level)
Participation Restrictions - disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities (social/environmental level)
Describe the medical model of disability
Individual/personal cause - e.g. accident whilst drunk Underlying pathology - e.g. morbid obesity Individual level intervention - e.g. health professionals advise individually Individual change adjustment - e.g. change in behaviour
Describe the social model of disability
Societal cause - e.g. low wages Conditions related to housing Social/political action needed - e.g. facilities for disabled Societal attitude change - e.g. use of politically correct language
Give some examples of factors that affect an individual’s personal reaction to disability
Nature of the disability
Information base of the individual i.e. education, intelligence, access to information
Personality of the individual
Coping strategies of the individual
Role of the individual, loss of role, change of role
Mood and emotional reaction
Reaction of others around them
Support network of the individual
Additional resources available - e.g. self-help group, etc
Time to adapt
Give some examples of different causes of long term conditions
Congenital Injury Communicable disease Non-communicable disease Alcohol Drugs - iatrogenic and/or illicit Mental illness Malnutrition Obesity
What are the five principles outlined in the International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations (IaPO) Declaration on Patient-Centered Healthcare?
- Respect
- Choice and empowerment
- Patient involvement in health policy
- Access and support
- Information
What is the definition of incidence?
Number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time
What is the definition of prevalence?
Number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or defined period of time
