Long Quiz Preparation (2)

Question 1

addresses ways of looking at literature beyond the typical-plot-theme-character-setting studies

method used to interpret at any given work of literature

study, discussion, evaluation and interpretation of literature

Answer 1

Literary Criticism

Question 2

“No poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone.”

“… almost every literary work is attended by a host of outside circumstances which, once we expose and explore them, suffuse it with additional meaning.”

Answer 2

Historical and Biographical Approach

Question 3

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
How does it reflect the time which it was written?
How accurately does the story depict the time in which it was set?
How does the story reflect the attitudes and beliefs of the time in which it was written or set?

Answer 3

Historical Approach

Question 4

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
What aspects of the author’s personal life are relevant to to this story?
Which of the author’s stated beliefs are reflected in the work?
Does the writer challenge or support the values of her contemporaries?

Answer 4

Biographical Approach

Question 5

Literature should be delightful and instructive

“The basic position of each critics is that the larger function of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical issues.”

Answer 5

Moral and Philosophical Approach

Question 6

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
What view of life does the story present?
Which character best articulates this viewpoint?
What moral statement, if any does this story made? Is it explicit or implicit?
What is the author’s conception of good and evil?

Answer 6

Philosophical Approach

Question 7

Almost all symbolism is sexual, in its widest sense, taking the word as the deeply-buried primal urge behind all expressions of love, from the cradle to the grave.”

Answer 7

Psychological Approach

Question 8

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
What forces are motivating the characters?
What conscious or unconscious conflict exist between the characters?
Given their backgrounds, how plausible is the characters’ behavior?

Answer 8

Psychological Approach

Question 9

“… the rules have little to do with nature and everything to do with culture.”

Answer 9

Gender Studies/ Feminist Approach

Question 10

“The reading stands on its own.”

Answer 10

Formalist Approach

Question 10

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:

How are women’s lives portrayed in the work?
Is the form and content of the work influenced by the writer’s gender?

Answer 10

Feminist Approach

Question 11

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
How do various elements of the work reinforce its meaning?
What figures of speech are used?
What tone and mood are created at various parts of the work?

Answer 11

Formalist Approach

Question 12

'’… a text does not even exist, in a sense, until it is read by some reader. Whatever meaning it may have inheres in the reader, and the thus it is the reader who should say what a text means.”

Answer 12

Reader Response

Question 13

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
How does the test invite response?
How does your experience inform your understanding of the text?

Answer 13

Reader Response

Question 14

Political and social change in driven by class struggle

Answer 14

Marxist Approach

Question 15

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
Whom does it benefit if the work or effort is accepted/successful/believed?
What values does it subvert?
What conflict can be seen between the values of work champions and those it portrays?
What social classes do the characters represent?

Answer 15

Marxist Approach

Question 16

“Myths are by nature collective and communal; they bind a tribe or a nation together in common psychological and spiritual activities.”

“Myth is the expression of a profound sense of togetherness of feeling and action and of wholeness of living.”

Answer 16

Mythological and Archetypal Approach

Question 17

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
What aspects of the work create deep universal responses to it?
How does the work reflect the hopes, fears and expectations of entire cultures?
What common human concerns are revealed in the story?

Answer 17

Myth/Archetypal Approach

Question 18

“Many Third World written focus on both colonialism and the changes created in a postcolonial culture. Among the many challenges facing postcolonial written are the attempts both to resurrect their culture and to combat the pre-conceptions about their culture.”

Answer 18

Postcolonialism

Question 19

What kind of approach is this?

Guide questions:
How does the literary text, explicitly or allegorically, represent various aspects of colonial oppression?
What does the text reveal about the problems of post-colonial identity and such issues as double consciousness and hybridity?

Answer 19

Postcolonialism

Question 20

Green analysis with emphasis on natural world and modern environmental concerns

Answer 20

Ecocriticism