Long Quiz 1 (Characteristics of Life to Cells) Flashcards
A Dutch inventor and spectacle maker who made the first compound microscope but was later disputed.
Zacharias Jansen (1590)
Channels that connect to different cells. Gap junctions compensate for animal cells’ lack of this part.
Plasmo Desmata
Free Ribosomes vs Bound Ribosomes
Free ribosomes are found within the cytosol and makes proteins to sustain itself and the cell. Meanwhile, bound ribosomes are found in the Rough ER and makes proteins for self-sustainability OR for other uses outside of the cell.
The “city hall” of the cell and makes up for 10% of its volume.
Nucleus
THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Mitochondria
The “defense mechanism” of animal cells. Contains hydrolytic/digestive enzymes, which is used for killing pathogens.
Lysosomes
The site of photosynthesis and is a type of plastid. Apparently contains DNA too, albeit different from the one in the nucleus. It was once a cyanobacteria according to the Endosymbiotic Theory.
Chloroplast
What are the 6 major characteristics of life?
- Growth and Development
- Homeostasis
- Reproduction
- Responsiveness
- Metabolism
- Organization
The 3 types of Cytoskeleton from smallest to biggest.
Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments, and Microtubules
Only found in plant cells. It is their first line of defense.
Cell Wall
Refers to processing of energy within an organism.
Metabolism
The father of microbiology; discoverer of “animalcules.”
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Late 1600’s)
He coined the term “cell.”
Robert Hooke (1670)
It is the “highway” of the cell and is continuous within the outer nuclear membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The ability of an organism to maintain stability.
Homeostasis
What is the difference between growth and development?
Growth refers to cells, its amount, and the substances surrounding it. Meanwhile, development refers to the general constant processes of growth occuring in the body from birth to death
What are the 2 types of ER and their differences?
Smooth ER has no ribosomes; it breaks down some drugs and toxins due to an enzyme called Cytochrome P450. Meanwhile, Rough ER hosts ribosomes and is therefore an essential in protein production.
What does the Cell Theory state?
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- Cell is the basic unit of life.
- New cells arise from preexisting cells
Facilitate storage and transport of molecules in and outside the cell. They are enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
Vesicles
Churros. Make spindle fibers, and are present only in animal cells.
Centrioles
Protein factories; has two types: free and bound.
Ribosomes
Phagocytosis vs Autophagy
Both are processes carried out by lysosomes. Phagocytosis are for invading pathogens while Autophagy are for old/damaged organelles.
The 3 scientists behind the Cell Theory.
Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow
The “waste management center.” They also carry out oxidation reactions leading to the production of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Peroxisomes
