Long Quiz 1 (Characteristics of Life to Cells)

Question 1

A Dutch inventor and spectacle maker who made the first compound microscope but was later disputed.

Answer 1

Zacharias Jansen (1590)

Question 2

Channels that connect to different cells. Gap junctions compensate for animal cells’ lack of this part.

Answer 2

Plasmo Desmata

Question 3

Free Ribosomes vs Bound Ribosomes

Answer 3

Free ribosomes are found within the cytosol and makes proteins to sustain itself and the cell. Meanwhile, bound ribosomes are found in the Rough ER and makes proteins for self-sustainability OR for other uses outside of the cell.

Question 4

The “city hall” of the cell and makes up for 10% of its volume.

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

The “defense mechanism” of animal cells. Contains hydrolytic/digestive enzymes, which is used for killing pathogens.

Answer 6

Lysosomes

Question 7

The site of photosynthesis and is a type of plastid. Apparently contains DNA too, albeit different from the one in the nucleus. It was once a cyanobacteria according to the Endosymbiotic Theory.

Answer 7

Chloroplast

Question 8

What are the 6 major characteristics of life?

Answer 8

• Growth and Development
• Homeostasis
• Reproduction
• Responsiveness
• Metabolism
• Organization

Question 9

The 3 types of Cytoskeleton from smallest to biggest.

Answer 9

Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments, and Microtubules

Question 10

Only found in plant cells. It is their first line of defense.

Answer 10

Cell Wall

Question 11

Refers to processing of energy within an organism.

Answer 11

Metabolism

Question 12

The father of microbiology; discoverer of “animalcules.”

Answer 12

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Late 1600’s)

Question 13

He coined the term “cell.”

Answer 13

Robert Hooke (1670)

Question 14

It is the “highway” of the cell and is continuous within the outer nuclear membrane.

Answer 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 15

The ability of an organism to maintain stability.

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 16

What is the difference between growth and development?

Answer 16

Growth refers to cells, its amount, and the substances surrounding it. Meanwhile, development refers to the general constant processes of growth occuring in the body from birth to death

Question 17

What are the 2 types of ER and their differences?

Answer 17

Smooth ER has no ribosomes; it breaks down some drugs and toxins due to an enzyme called Cytochrome P450. Meanwhile, Rough ER hosts ribosomes and is therefore an essential in protein production.

Question 18

What does the Cell Theory state?

Answer 18

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cell is the basic unit of life.
3. New cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 19

Facilitate storage and transport of molecules in and outside the cell. They are enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

Answer 19

Vesicles

Question 20

Churros. Make spindle fibers, and are present only in animal cells.

Answer 20

Centrioles

Question 21

Protein factories; has two types: free and bound.

Answer 21

Ribosomes

Question 22

Phagocytosis vs Autophagy

Answer 22

Both are processes carried out by lysosomes. Phagocytosis are for invading pathogens while Autophagy are for old/damaged organelles.

Question 23

The 3 scientists behind the Cell Theory.

Answer 23

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow

Question 24

The “waste management center.” They also carry out oxidation reactions leading to the production of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

Answer 24

Peroxisomes

Question 25

A barrier that regulates what exits/enters and what doesn’t.

Answer 25

Plasma/Cell Membrane

Question 26

Also called the “post office of the cell” because it is the one that refines/modifies, stores, and marks molecules for shipment to different locations within and outside the cell.

Answer 26

Golgi Apparatus

Question 27

Makes up for 80-90% of a plant cell’s volume and is the second line of defense after the cell wall. It also stores nutrients and waste, detoxifying the cell in the process.

Answer 27

Vacuole

Question 28

Also known for telescopes and astronomy. He created his own version of microscope using his knowledge in the said field.

Answer 28

Galileo Galilei (1600’s)

Question 29

What is the main defining difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 29

Prokaryotic cells don’t have a true nucleus while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 30

A network of protein fibers that provide mechanical support for the cell.

Answer 30

Cytoskeleton

Question 31

Who developed the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Answer 31

Lynn Margulis