Long Exam 3 Flashcards
entire set of individuals who share at least one characteristic
population
sampling that is based on what is readily available to the researcher
convenience sampling
what is quota sampling?
diverse characteristics of a population are sampled in the proportions that they occupy in the population
what type of sampling uses logic, common sense, and sound judgment to gather participants?
purposive sampling
every member of the population has the same chance of being included in the sample
random sampling
how can we reduce sampling error?
increase the sample size
be sure that the sample was representative of the population
The sampling distribution of means approximates a ______ ______
Normal Curve
True or False: The standard deviation of a sampling distribution of means is greater than the standard deviation of the population.
False
True or False: Mean of SDM = True population mean
True
range of values where our true population might be at a certain degree of confidence
confidence interval
A smaller sample size will have a ______ confidence interval
narrow
quality that distinguishes one group from another
Independent Variable
the variable that is being measured
dependent variable
The _________ is the degree where the null hypothesis can be rejected with confidence and is denoted by a.
level of significance
What is the range of values where our true population might be at a certain degree of confidence?
Confidence Interval
Which type of T-test consists of completely randomized and unpaired samples?
Independent Sampling T-test
True or False: The relationship between the likelihood of a Type 1 Error and the likelihood of a Type 2 Error is directly proportional.
False. It is inversely proportional. You cannot reduce both errors at the same time.
What is the reason for being unable to reject the null hypothesis?
Lack of contradictory evidence
If the null hypothesis is retained, any observed difference is attributed to __________
sampling error
What is the frequency distribution of a large number of differences from randomly drawn sample means?
Sampling Distribution of Differences Between Means
If tobt > tcrit , what is the outcome of the study?
Reject the null hypothesis. There is a significant difference.
