Long and Thick Flashcards
air must move into and out of the lungs so that gases in the alveoli of the lungs are continuously refreshed. this process is commonly called breathing.
pulmonary ventilation
gas exchange (oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading) between the pulmonary blood and alveoli must take place. remember that in external respiration gas exchanges are being made between the blood and the body exterior.
external respiration
oxygen and carbon dioxide must be transported to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body via bloodstream.
respiratory gas transport
at systemic capillaries gas exchange occurs between the blood and cells inside the body. this time oxygen is unloaded from blood and co2 is loaded
internal respiration
the use of oxygen to produce atp and carbon dioxide is the cornerstone of all energy producing chemical reactions and occurs in nearly all cells.
cellular respiration
when air flow into the lungs. the diaphragm and external intercostal contract the size of the thoracic cavity increases.
inspiration
the volume within the lungs
intrapulmonary volume
the major factor preventing lung collapse.
intraplural pressure
the amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volume.
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal expiration
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
allows gas exchange to go on continuously even between breaths and help to keep alveoli open or inflated.
residual volume
the total amount of exchangeable air and the sum of tidal volume plus the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes.
vital capacity (VC)
some of the air that enters the respiratory tracts that remain in conducting zone passage that never reaches the alveoli to participate in gas exchange
dead space volume
respiratory capacities are measured with
spirometer
result of reflex cavity but some may be produced to voluntarily. situations of breathing that are modified than normal respiratory rhythm.
non-respiratory air movements.
