Londons Gentrification And Urban Regeneration

Question 1

Hackworth 2002 quote defining gentrification

Answer 1

The production of space for progressively more affluent users

Question 2

Lees et al 2008 definition of gentrification

Answer 2

The transformation of a working class or vacant area of the central city into middle class residential and/or commercial use

Question 3

Ruth glass quote about londons gentrification

Answer 3

One by one, many of the working class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle classes

London may quite soon be a city which illustrates the principle of survival of the fittest: the financially fittest, who can still afford to work and live there

Question 4

Self 2001 quote about Londons gentrification

Answer 4

Ours is a capital remodelled not by a napoleon but by a species of powerful estate agents

Question 5

What enabled 1st wave gentrification in London

Answer 5

The 1957 rent act

The 1969 improvement grants

Question 6

What changes did post recession gentrification see?

Answer 6

• New fractions of the middle class: spatial divisions also regency cultural and lifestyle choices
• new types of investor: developers not landlords
• new types of buildings: in stark contrast to the renovated Victorian and Georgian landscapes of classic gentrification

Question 7

Tom slater (2011) quote on the impacts of gentrification

Answer 7

Gentrification creates urban environments that serve the needs of capital accumulation at the expense of social needs of home, community and family

Question 8

Hartman (1984) quote about the impacts of gentrification

Answer 8

“The right to stay put” displacement costs are psychological, social, emotional and individual

Question 9

Fullilove (2004) quote on the impacts of gentrification

Answer 9

The elegance of the neighbourhood - each person in his social and geographical slot - is destroyed. Bonds are ruptured as people disperse in all directions of the compass.

Question 10

Atkinson (2000) measures of gentrification

Answer 10

• increase in numbers of professionally employed and managerial workers
• increase in number of degree holders
• increase in number of owner-occupiers
• groups usually displaced = working class, private renters, elderly, unskilled workers

Question 11

How can urban regeneration still be classed as a form of gentrification?

Answer 11

Davidson and lees 2005

“The physical fabric may be on brownfield sites, but the outcome is very familiar”