London Case Study

Question 1

what is the population of London?

Answer 1

8.7 million (making it the largest city in the UK)

Question 2

why is London an important city?

Answer 2

1) responsible for 22% of the UK’s GDP
2) cultural centre of the UK (museums, nottinghill carnival etc.)
3) Headquarters of 100 of Europe’s 500 largest companies
4) Over 300 languages spoken (largest variety in world)
5) Major global financial centre (£100bn of trader per month)

Question 3

what is national and international migration into London like?

Answer 3

Overall negative national migration and poitive international migration

Question 4

how do migrants impact London?

Answer 4

1) More people paying taxes
2) Religious tension (brick lane mosque formerly synagogue and church)
3) Pressure on housing (40% of government housing goes to immigrants)
4) Reduced dependency ratio (25% of births in 2016 from migrants)
5) Increased cultural diversity (Notting Hill Carnival, Camden food market, etc.)

Question 5

opportunities of urban change: integrated transport system

Answer 5

1) 2014 – 75 million on underground and buses
2) 6 international airports
3) Cross Rail East West opening in 2018

Question 6

opportunities of urban change: employment

Answer 6

1) Average income in London is ₤20,000 higher than rest of UK
2) 100 of Europe’s 500 largest countries have their headquarters in London
3) High tech companies in Silicon Roundabout
4) Renowned for finance (£100bn of trades per month)

Question 7

opportunities of urban change: cultural mix

Answer 7

1) Over 300 languages spoken (highest in world)
2) Over a third of London residents were born outside the UK
3) Increased diversity (Notting Hill Carnival, Camden food market)

Question 8

opportunities of urban change: recreation

Answer 8

1) Home to 3 of the top 10 museums and galleries in the world
2) Over 250 festivals take place in London every year
3) 4 UNESCO world heritage sites (Tower of London, Maritime Greenwich, Westminster Palace and Kew’s Royal Botanic Gardens)

Question 9

opportunities of urban change: urban greening

Answer 9

1) One of greenest cities in the world (47% = green space)
2) 8 royal parks
3) Over 8 million trees

Question 10

challenges of urban change: urban deprivation

Answer 10

2 million people are living in poverty

Question 11

challenges of urban change: environmental dereliction

Answer 11

1) Air pollution causes 4,000 deaths a year

2) Trying to implement more cycle superhighways (currently 15% cycling)

Question 12

challenges of urban change: waste disposal

Answer 12

1) London produces 20 million tonnes/year
2) 25% of waste goes to landfills
3) Target is 0% by 2030

Question 13

challenges of urban change: building on brownfield/greenfield sites

Answer 13

1) 20,000 new homes per year (London’s population is increasing by 100,000 a year)
2) Severe housing shortage = high prices

Question 14

challenges of urban change: urban sprawl

Answer 14

1) Greenbelt designated in 1947 when risk of development
2) Now urban sprawl has shifted to commuter settlements outside the greenbelt
3) New housing estates and business parks encroach on surrounding countryside

Question 15

challenges of urban change: inequality

Answer 15

All stats for Newham vs. Kensington and Chelsea:

1) life expectancy- 78 vs. 83
2) unemployment - 3.9% vs. 9.4%

Question 16

what are the pros and cons of building on brownfield sites?

Answer 16

PROS:
1) old industry needs demolishing
2) less urban sprawl
3) public transport there
4) can improve environment
CONS:
1) land expensive

Question 17

why did the Lower Lea Valley need regeneration?

Answer 17

1) Newham, in the east end of London was said to be most deprived borough in England
2) Low skilled population
3) over 4,000 living in temporary accommodation

Question 18

what were the main features of the regeneration project in the Lower Lea Valley?

Answer 18

1) 2800 new homes with 10 hectares of park and open space
2) improved transportation with: Stratford International, Stratford regional rail and tube lines
3) 12,000 permenant jobs created in the Olympic Park alone
4) Westfield Stratford City is the largest urban shopping center in Europe
5) New School for 1800 students opened

Question 19

What percentage of the UK’s GDP does London produce?

Answer 19

22%

Question 20

How many of Europe’s 500 largest companies are located in London?

Answer 20

100

Question 21

How many trades are made per month in London?

Answer 21

£100 billion worth of trades

Question 22

What percentage of government housing goes to immigrants?

Answer 22

40%

Question 23

How much higher is the average income in London than the rest of the UK?

Answer 23

£20,000 higher

Question 24

Where are high tech companies in London locates?

Answer 24

In the silicon roundabout (shoreditch)

Question 25

How many of the top 10 museums and galleries in the world are located in London?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

How many festivals take place in London every year?

Answer 26

Over 250

Question 27

What percentage of London is green space?

Answer 27

47%

Question 28

How many deaths a year does air pollution cause in London?

Answer 28

4,000

Question 29

How much waste does London produce in a year?

Answer 29

20 million tonnes

Question 30

What percentage of waste goes to landfills?

Answer 30

25%

Question 31

How many new homes are built per year ?

Answer 31

20,000

Question 32

How much is London’s population increasing by per year?

Answer 32

100,000

Question 33

When was the green belt established?

Answer 33

1947

Question 34

What is the life expectancy in Newham vs. Kensington and Chelsea?

Answer 34

83 vs. 78

Question 35

What percentage of people are unemployed in Kensington and Chelsea vs. Newham?

Answer 35

3.9% vs. 9.4%

Question 36

How many people in the lower lea valley were living in temporary accommodation before the regeneration project?

Answer 36

4,000

Question 37

How many new homes were built as part of the Lower Lea regeneration project?

Answer 37

2,800

Question 38

How many permanent jobs were created in the Olympic Park?

Answer 38

12,000

Question 39

How many students attend the new school which opened in the Lower Lea valley?

Answer 39

1,800