LOM final Flashcards
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
kerat/o
hard, cornea
hidr/o
sweat
kal/i
potassium
cortic/o
cortex (outer region)
ot/o
ear
pharmac/o
drug
ungu/o
nail
xer/o
dry
son/o
sound
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
cutane/o
skin
phren/o
diaphragm
myring/o
tympanic membrane
melan/o
black
natr/o
sodium
calc/o
calcium
iatr/o
physician, treatment
exo-
out, away from
sub-
below, under
-lucent
to shine
-cusis
hearing
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
adduction
movement towards the midline of the body
affect
external expression of emotion, or emotional response
albinism
pigment deficiency of the skin
anaphylaxis
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance
angiogram
x-ray image of blood vessels and heart chambers obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter t appropriate blood vessels or chambers
barium enema
study of the lower GI series that opacifies the passageway of the large intestine using a enema containing barium sulfate. viewing inside of the bowels
bullae
large vesicles(small collection of clear fluid-blister)
collagen
dense connective tissue protein strands found in bones and other tissues/structural protein found in skin and connective tissue
diplopia
double vision, can be caused when strabismus develops in a adult
(double vision)
eversion
turning outward
fissure
groove or crack like sore
hypochondriasis
preoccupation with body aches, pains and discomforts in the absense of real illness
otitis media
inflammation in the middle ear
often followed upper respiratory tract infection and treated with antibiotics
polydipsia
increased thirst
psoriasis
chronic recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
repression
defence mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feeling and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out o awareness
palepbr/o
eyelid
synergism
combination of two drugs that cause an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effect of each drug given alone
tinnitus
sensation of noises in the ears, caused by the irritation of the cells in the inner ear that can be persistent and severe
(ringing,buzzing,whistling,booming)
alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
ecchymosis
ecchymoses
bluish-purplish mark on the skin;bruise
petechid
petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhage
pruritus
itching
crust
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
cyst
thick walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
fissure
groove or crack like sore
macule
flat lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter
nodule
solid round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter
papule
small, solid elevation of the skin
polyp
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane
pustule
solid elevation of the skin containing pus
ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membrane
vesicle
small collection of clear fluid;blister
wheal
smooth, swollen papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
astigmatism
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
image is distorted because light rays to not focus on the retina
hyperopia - farsighted
the eyeball is too short or the refractive power of the lens is too weak.
light rays focus behind the retina
myopia- nearsighted
the eyeball is too long, or refractive power is so strong.
light rays focus in front of the retina
thyroid
thyroxine-increases metabolism in body
calcitonin- decreases blood calcium
parathyroid
parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium
adrenal cortex
cortisol - increases blood sugar
aldosterone - increases reabsorption of sodium
androgen, estrogen - secondary sex cell characteristics
adrenal medulla
epinephrine - sympathomimetic
norepinephrine - sympathomimetic
pancreas - islet cells
insulin- decreases blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)
glucagon - increases blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)
Pituitary gland - anterior lobe
growth hormone - increase bone and tissue growth
thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine secretion
adrencorticotropic hormone - stimulates the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretions
pituitary - anterior lobe
gonadotropins
- folicile stimulating hormone - oogenesis and spermatogenesis
- lutenizing hormone promotes ovulation, testosterone secretion
prolactin- promotes growth of breasts tissue and mile secretions
pituitary - posterior be
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules oxytocin- stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth
ovaries
estrogen- promotes development o ova and female secondary sex characteristics
progesterone - prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy
testes
testosterone - promotes development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics
CT scan
computed tomography
- multiple cross sectional images of specific body segment
- best for bones,chest legions, pneumonia, bleeding in the brain
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
- magnetic fields and radio waves
- spinal cord, brain tumor, joints and tendons, liver masses, head and neck legions
- no metal
oral - po
through the mouth
-tablets, capsules, caplet
sublingual - sl
tablets
parenteral
needle
intracavitary, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous
inhalation
aerosols
topical
lotions, creams, ointments, transdermal patches
analgesics
relieves pain
anesthetics
reduces or eliminates sensation ; general and local
antibiotics
inhibits or kills bacteria
antivirals
used against infections due to viruses
anticoagulants/antiplatelets
prevents blood clotting
anticonvulsants
prevents or reduces the frequency of various types of seizure disorders and epilepsy
antidepressants
treats the symptoms of depressions
anti-Alzheimer’s
treats the symptoms of alzheimers disease, acts by aiding brain neurotransmitters to sheild brain cells from glutamine(neurotransmitter that at highest level causes death of brain cells)
antidiabetic
treats diabetes mellitus
antihistamine
blocks the action of histamine that is normally released in the body in allergic reactions
antiosteoporosis
calcium, vitamin D and estrogen are prescribed to increase calcium deposition in bone to prevent osteoporosis
cardiovascular drugs
acts on the heart or blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction
endocrine drugs
hormone or hormone like drugs
gastrointestinal drugs
relieves uncomfortable and dangerous symptoms (GERD,
respiratory
treatment of asthma and chronic bronchitis
sedative-hypnotics
depresses centra nervous system and promotes drowsiness and sleep.
stimulants
acts on the brain to speed up vital processes in cases of shock and collapse
tranquilizers
control anxiety
amnesia
loss of memory
anxiety
varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension or dead often accompanies by palpations, tight chest, breathlessness, choking sensation
apathy
absence of emotions ; lack of interest, emotional involvement or motivation
compulsion
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
conversion
anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness or paralysis that does not have a physical basis
delusion
a fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
dissociation
uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real objects.In order to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected towards a second object or behaviour pattern
euphoria
exaggerated feeling of wellbeing
hallucination
false or unreal sensory perception as, for example, hearing voices when none are present, an illusion is a false perception of an actual sensory stimulus
labile
variable ; undergoing rapid emotional change
mania
elation or irritability, associated with distractibility, hyperactivity, talkativeness, injudicious acts, flight of ideas and racing thoughts
mustim
non-reactive state with the inability to speak
obsession
an involuntary persistent idea or emotion; the suffix-mania indicates a strong obsession with something
paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harasses, persecuted or unfairly treated
antisocial
no loyalty to or concern for others, without moral standards; acts only in response to desires and impulses; cannot tolerate frustration and blames other when he or she is at fault
borderline
instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self; characterized by alternating involvement with and rejection of people. Frantic efforts are made to avoid real or imagined abandonment
histrionic
emotional, attention seeking, immature and dependant; irrational outbursts and tantrums; flamboyant and theatrics; having general dissatisfaction with self and angry feelings about the world
narcissism
is pervasive interest in the self with lack of empathy for others
paranoid
continually suspicious and mistrust of other people but not to a psychotic or delusional degree; jealous and overly concerned with hidden motives of others; quick to take offence
schizoid
emotionally cold and aloof; indifferent to praise criticism or to the feeling of others; a few friendships and rarely appears to experience strong emotions; such as anger or joy
anorexia nervosa
refusal to maintain a minimal body weight and the affected person is intensely afraid of gaining weight and has had a disturbance in the perception of shape and size they are
bulimia nervosa
characterized by binge eating followed by purging, people with bulimia nervosa maintain a normal body weight because they purge either with vomit, laxatives or enemas
