Logical Reasoning

Question 1

13 question types

Answer 1

Flaw, parallel reasoning, MBT, evaluate the argument, strengthen, weaken, MBF, main point, justify conclusion, point at issue/agreement, method of reasoning, resolve the paradox, assumption

Question 2

Sufficient condition

Answer 2

The “If,” when this happens the necessary condition must also occur. The cause, sometimes, but always indicates the necessary condition has, is, or will occur.

Book example
Getting an A+ does not cause you to study, but if you get an A+, you must have studied

Question 3

Necessary condition

Answer 3

The “Then,” the effect. Happens when the sufficient condition occurs but does not imply the sufficient condition occurs.

Question 4

Contrapositive

A—> ~B

Answer 4

B—> ~A

Question 5

Contrapositive

C—>D

Answer 5

~D—>~C

Question 6

Contrapositive

~B—>~C

Answer 6

C—>B

Question 7

Contrapositive

~D—>C

Answer 7

~C—>D

Question 8

Contrapositive

ALP+BN—>KWE

Answer 8

~KWE—>~ALP and/or ~BN
=
~KWE—>~ALP or ~BN

Question 9

Contrapositive

CFT or ABR—>RFR

Answer 9

~RFR—>~(both CFT and ABR)

Question 10

Introduce Sufficient Condition

Answer 10

If
When
Every
All
Any
Each
In order to
People who

Question 11

Introduce necessary condition

Answer 11

Then
Only
Only if
Must
Required
Unless
Except
Until
Without
Precondition

Question 12

Diagram

Not both WTY and PB

Answer 12

WTYPB

Question 13

Diagram

Either Frank or Bob

Answer 13

~F—>B

~B—>F

Question 14

Diagram

If I go to 7/11 and work, then I am doing my habit.

Answer 14

7/11
and —>H
W

Question 15

Diagram

If you want a table at this restaurant you have to wait, unless you have a reservation.

Answer 15

(T—|—>W)—>R

       W T—> or
       R

Could omit T if take it as assumed:
~W—>R
~R—>W

Question 16

When you see “unless,” “except,” “until,” “if not,” or “without,” you…

Answer 16

Recognize what immediately follows as the necessary condition.
Negate the remaining part and recognize it as the sufficient condition.