Logical Reasoning Flashcards
What are the three components of LR questions
Stimulus, question stem and set of answers
How many LR stimuli types
Arguments and Sets of facts
Consist of a conclusion and set of premises given in support of that conclusion.
Argument
Group of statements from which no conclusion is drawn.
Set of Facts
Statement that must be true according to the premises
A valid conclusion
Often introduced by words and phrases such as therefore, thus, hence, consequently, so, it follows that, or it can be concluded that…
Conclusions
Often introduced by words and phrases such as because, since, for, after all, or proven by the fact that…
Premises
Statement is formed by negating both terms in the statement. If something is not an apple, then it is not a fruit. Not A, then not B.
Incorrect Negation
Statement formed by reversing both terms in the statement. If something is an apple, then it is a fruit. If something is a fruit, then it is an apple.
Incorrect Reversal
Statement formed by reversing and negating both terms in the statement. Identical meaning of the original statement.
Contrapositive
Constitutes the sufficient condition. “if, when, whenever, where…
The IF formula
Introduced by “only if, only when, only where”. Constitutes a necessary condition
The ONLY IF formula
Constitutes the sufficient condition. “all, each, every, any”
The ALL formula
Constitutes the sufficient condition. Statements that begin with “no, none”
The NO formula
Constitutes the necessary condition. Introduced by “unless)
The UNLESS formula
