Logical Reasoning Flashcards
What is the difference between the premise and conclusion?
Premise - support
Conclusion - main point (being supported)
“Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the passage?”
Main point
What must you look for in most strongly supported?
Conclusion -is in the answer choices
In most strongly supported the answer must have [blank] statements.
General
When you read a MSs question you should ask yourself:
“Do we have an example of this in the stimulus?”
Group 1 logical indicators (sufficient)
If, when, where, all, any, the only, anyone, wherever
Group 2 logical indicators (necessary)
Only, only if, only when, only where, always, requires, must, only those.
Group 3 logical indicators (negate sufficient)
Until, without, or
Group 4 indicators (negate necessary)
None, cannot, never, not both
What is a good argument?
No assumptions needed
How to weaken arguments
Take away the support
When causation is made is conclusion, it [blank]
Always in error
Causation implies:
- Chronology 2. Correlation 3. No competing clause
When causation is found in stimulus:
Find competing hypothesis; block it if its a strengthening question, choose it if its a weakening question
Strengthening questions rely on:
Adding additional information or additional premises
What is validity?
When no assumptions are made in the argument
If A→B, then A
B
If A→ B, and B→ C, then
A → C
Must be true questions test
Validity
Existential quantifiers: define some, most, some -not, none, all
Some: 1-100, most: 50-100, some - not: 0 - 99, none:0, all: 100
If I have all, then I have [blank]
Some and most
The negation of some is [blank]
None
The negation of all is [ blank]
Some… Not
If A some B→ C
Then A some C
If A most B → C
A most C
When you satisfy a necessary condition
You get nothing
If A→ B, B→ [blank]
Invalid
If A → B, / A→ [blank]
Invalid
If A→ B some C
Invalid
“Which one of the following, if true… “
Sufficient assumption
An argument part requires you to:
Label what different statements do for the argument.
What does method of reasoning question require you to do?
Analyze and describe the argumentation
The teacher’s statement proceeds by [blank]
Method of reasoning
