Logical Reasoning Flashcards
What question should you ask yourself when accessing a logical reasoning question?
Why doesn’t the support validate the conclusion?
What are the two common reasoning flaws LR authors make?
- They forget to think about something they need to think about (fails to consider)
- They make some sort of connection that doesn’t actually exist (takes for granted)
What are the three logical reasoning categories?
- A piece doesn’t equal the puzzle.
- Apples don’t equal oranges.
- 1+1 doesn’t equal 3.
Describe “a piece doesn’t equal the puzzle” Flaw.
Occurs when the author overvalues:
1. A trait
2. An opinion
3. A sample set
AND mistakes something necessary for something that’s sufficient
Describe “ Apples don’t equal oranges” flaw.
Occurs when the author transfer ideas or information from one situation to the other in a faulty way.
The author falsely equates:
1. Characteristics
2. Subject matter
3. Relationships
The author falsely equates subject matters when…
They focus on the differences in subject matters between the support and the conclusion.
True or false: Subjects in the conclusion and in the support can seem the same or almost the same, but we have to be very critical of the differences.
True
The author falsely equates relationships when…
They determine that something that is true for two or more elements is also true for one or more DIFFERENT elements.
Describe the “1+1 doesn’t equal 3” Flaw.
Occurs when the Author brings together two or more components that do not warrant the conclusion.
What are the 5 steps to take while answering LR questions?
- Read the question stem carefully.
- Read the stimulus to correctly identify the
argument (support and conclusion). - Identify the reasoning flaw.
- isolate the wrong answers (know why the
wrong answers are wrong. - Select the answer that matches up with the
reasoning flaw that you determined.
Your main goal when tackling LR questions is…
Determine what the reasoning flaw between the support and the conclusion is.
How do you determine the reasoning flaw that exist between the conclusion and the support?
Ask yourself “what is the author failing to consider/taking for granted”
What does “Fail to consider”?
When the author forget to think about something that they should be thinking about when reaching the conclusion.
What does “takes for granted” mean?
When the author makes some sort of connect that doesn’t exist.
How many reasoning flaw categories are there?
3
