Logical fallacy

Question 1

Define a logical fallacy

Answer 1

Arguments which appear logical but in reality are very flawed

Question 2

Ad hominem

Answer 2

An attack on the speaker, not the actual argument itself

Question 3

False analogy

Answer 3

Items being compared are not related in a way as to make the comparison oversimplified and nonsensical

Question 4

Straw man

Answer 4

Oversimplification of opponent’s argument to attack them (often picks the weakest, least relevant point)

Question 5

Syllogism

Answer 5

“if.. and … then…” type statement, faulty use of transitive property

Question 6

Circular argument

Answer 6

Restatement w/o any actual new information or reasoning being introduced

Question 7

Slippery slope

Answer 7

Presentation of an unrealistic/low probability horrible future as a certainty, if A happens, then B will happen, then C will happen (faulty series of events)

Question 8

False dilemma

Answer 8

Reducing complex scenarios into black and white choices of either or

Question 9

Bandwagon

Answer 9

“Everyone else does this… you should too!”

Question 10

Appeal to authority

Question 11

Red herring

Answer 11

Introduce point only with surface level connection, shift focus from debate, not rlly an answer (ex. A politician is asked to explain why the unemployment rate has risen despite implementing their policies. The politician replies, “I have been working incredibly hard since I entered office, and I think the citizens can see this.”)

Question 12

Post hoc fallacy

Answer 12

Smth that comes before MUST be the cause of smth that comes after w/o proof of causality

Question 13

Equivocation

Answer 13

Misinterpretations/multiple meanings of words or unclear phrasing that tricks readers (words will mean one thing in one portion and mean another in another portion ex. I have the right to live, therefore its right for me to live)

Question 14

Hasty generalization

Answer 14

Considering patterns of 1 or two examples instead of actual research (my stomach hurt after eating 15 pounds of peanuts so i must be allergic to peanuts)

Question 15

Appeal to authority

Question 16

Appeal to money

Question 17

You’re another (tu quoque)

Answer 17

Arguments which point to another side’s hypocrisy doing the same thing rather than addressing the actual issue

Question 18

False authority

Answer 18

An argument equating authority in one field to authority in another

Question 19

Appeal to ignorance

Answer 19

must be true bcz no one has ever proven that it isnt

Question 20

false causality (category, not type of fallacy)

Answer 20

something inrelated causes another