Logical Fallacies & Rhetorical Devices

Question 1

Repetition

Answer 1

Using a word or phrase for effect, two or more times in a speech or written speech.

Question 2

Rhetorical Question

Answer 2

A rhetorical question is one for which the questioner does not expect a direct answer.

Question 3

Counterargument

Answer 3

An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose/refute an idea or theory developed in another argument.

Question 4

Allusion

Answer 4

An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

Question 5

Diction

Answer 5

An author’s careful and specific selection of words often used to evoke emotional responses from the audience.

Question 6

Define rhetoric

Answer 6

Using language effectively to persuade, inform, educate, or entertain. The art of speaking and writing effectively.

Question 7

The 3 Rhetorical Situations

Answer 7

Audience, Purpose, and Occasion

Question 8

People write for a variety of reasons or purposes. The purpose is best expressed in an infinitive statement: (5)

Answer 8

To shock, to persuade, to call to action, to explain, and to evaluate.

Question 9

Audience (read)

Answer 9

Most often there is a targeted audience for a text. Who is the piece of writing directed toward? This can be a person or specific group of people. Whoever the audience is will affect how and why a person is writing. When you’re writing you must consider what you can assume about the audience. It might even be helpful to consider secondary or tertiary audiences.

Question 10

Context/Occasion: Refers to the other direct or indirect…

Answer 10

Social, cultural, geographical, political, and institutional factors that likely influence the writer, text, and audience in a particular situation.

Question 11

EPL: Ethos

Answer 11

(Appeal to Ethics): Used to convince and audience using the authority or credibility of the persuader, whether that person is an expert in the field, or a popular celebrity.

Question 12

EPL: Pathos

Answer 12

(Appeals to Emotion): A way of persuading an audience using emotion. When a writer uses pathos, they are trying to tap into the audience’s emotions in order to convince them of their claim.

Question 13

EPL: Logos

Answer 13

(Appeals to Logic): A way of persuading someone using reason, focus, statistics, and logic.

Question 14

Logical Fallacies Definition

Answer 14

Logical fallacies are flaws in reasoning that lead to faulty, illogical statements. They are unreasonable argumentative tactics named for what has gone wrong during the reasoning process.

Question 15

Ad Hominem

Answer 15

Directly attacks someone’s appearance, personal habits, or character rather than focusing on the merit of the issue at hand.

Question 16

Hasty Generalization

Answer 16

A hasty generalization is a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.

Question 17

Either-Or/False Dilemma

Answer 17

A false dilemma asserts that a complex situation can have only two possible outcomes and that one of the options is necessary or preferable.

Question 18

Circular Reasoning

Answer 18

Circular reasoning is a circular argument where the support only restates the claim.

Question 19

Red Herring

Answer 19

An argument that uses an irrelevant issue in order to direct the audience from the issue at hand.

Question 20

Slippery Slope

Answer 20

This is a conclusion based on the promise that if A happens, then eventually, through a series of small steps, through B, C,…, X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A to Z.

Question 21

Glory or Guilt by Association

Answer 21

Guilty/glory by association is the attempt to discredit or glorify an idea based upon disfavored/favored people or groups associated with it.