Logical Fallacies Flashcards

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1
Q

to make you think that there are only two
mutually exclusive options, when in reality there is at least another
alternative

A

False Dilemma/Dichotomy

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2
Q

attacking the other instead of criticizing their idea

A

Ad Hominem

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3
Q
Giving two (or more) questions/statements that are unverified 
assumptions.
A

Loaded Questions/Statements

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4
Q

Refusal to believe laid-out, sound arguments even with scientific
proof.

A

Argument from Incredulity

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5
Q

If a name or phrase is uttered twice or more, it is assumed that they
can be substituted with each other when they sometimes can’t.

A

Masked-Man Fallacy

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6
Q

Bringing up another subject that is not currently discussed

A

Whataboutism

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7
Q

Drawing a conclusion based on small and/or biased samples

A

Hasty Generalization (Anecdotes)

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8
Q

Distorting an argument to make it easier to attack or to give false
assumptions.

A

Strawman Argument

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9
Q

Deflecting own flaw by pointing out other’s same/similar flaws which are not discussed

A

Tu Quoque

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10
Q

Assuming if we do this then this could happen, and if this happens,
this could happen, and if this happens, this could happen even if it’s
based on a valid premise.

A

Slippery Slope Fallacy

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11
Q

Choosing other/better words, phrases, or terms to mask the

simpler/bad ones

A

Equivocation

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12
Q

Gatekeeping someone/something based on nitpicks.

A

No True Scotsman

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13
Q

Demanding someone to prove or stating someone they can’t prove
when it should be their responsibility

A

Burden of Proof Fallacy (Appeal to Ignorance)

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14
Q

Changing their targets when questioned or to suit the narrative.
Identified by their inconsistency

A

Moving The Goalpost

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15
Q

assuming everything natural is good and unnatural is bad

A

Appeal to

Nature

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16
Q

dismissing an argument as absurd without addressing it

A

Appeal to Stone

17
Q

assuming that something is better because it’s new

A

Appeal to Novelty

18
Q

assuming that something is good because a popular figure

with limited capacity on that something, said that it’s good

A

Appeal to Authority

19
Q

assuming that something is good because it’s a tradition

A

Appeal to Tradition

20
Q

assuming that something is good because

many people use/consume/do it

A

Appeal to Popularity (bandwagon)

21
Q

Deciding that compromise between all parties is always the best
outcome.

A

Middle Ground Fallacy

22
Q

assuming the whole is true from small part & assuming the small parts are true based on the whole

A

Fallacy of Composition and Division

23
Q

Insisting on keeping something that doesn’t work

A

Sunk Cost Fallacy

24
Q

Keep going back to previous argument without explanation or proof

A

Circular Argument/Reasoning

25
Q

Assuming that a conclusion is not true because the premise/argument
contains a fallacy.

A

Fallacy Fallacy