Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Slippery Slope
when someone makes a claim about a series of events that would lead to one major event, usually a bad event.
Appeal to Emotion
a logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient’s emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence.
Guilt by Association
occurs when someone connects an opponent to a demonized group of people or to a bad person in order to discredit his or her argument.
Appeal to Nature
because something is ‘natural’ it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal.
False Causation
occurs when the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably does not exist.
Argumentum ad Hominem
argument that attacks not an opponent’s beliefs but his motives or character. argument that shows an opponent’s statement to be inconsistent with his other beliefs.
Red Herring
attempts to distract by shifting attention away from an important issue.
Ad Populum
an argument that appeals to the emotions or prejudices of a certain group, despite being logically unsound.
Ad Misericordiam
an argument that appeals to pity.
Non-Sequitur
This fallacy draws conclusions from premises that do not necessarily apply.
False Dichotomy
The either/ or fallacy that makes the assumption
Straw Person
a form of argument and an informal fallacy of having the impression of refuting an argument
Begging the Question
begging the question or assuming the conclusion is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument’s
Sentimental Appeals
tug at an audience’s heart strings to the point of ignoring the facts, perhaps to keep the audience from disagreeing with the writer..
Equivocation
the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself
