Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Induction
Assumptions is made w insufficient evidence can be disproven
1) tony runs really fast.
2) Manuel runs really fast.
3) boys run really fast.
Specific to general.
You are trying to guess the rule
Deduction
Assumptions/ conclusions that can be made based on reasonable observations
1) tally doesn’t like sour cream
2) ” “ Cream cheese
3) ” “ Like dairy products
General to specific.
Yk the rule and make the inferences based on the rule
Ad hominem
Ex: “you’re wrong because you’re a jerk”
“To the man” argument; criticizes an idea by pointing out something about the person instead of the idea.
Argument from authority
Ex: “this is absolutely awesome” shakira
When someone w authority says something it must be true.
Appeal to ignorance
Ex: science has not proven that god doesn’t exist therefore god exists.
Claiming that by simply b/c something Has not yet been proven that it is not the case. claiming that simply because something has not yet been disproven that it is the case
Begging the question
Ex: “the Loch Ness monster spoke to me in my dreams, so it must exist”
Form of argument that someone assumes that part/ all of what a person claims to be proving are proven facts
Hasty generalization
Lu period 6: quiet
“All nava students are quiet”
Similar to stereotyping; making a claim based on a small sample size.
Non sequitur
Ex: Michael Scott is using health care plans and he thinks he’s a doctor for his coworkers.
Doesn’t follow, a statement that doesn’t logically relate to what comes before it (literally an interruption in a convo./ unrelated)
False dichotomy
Ex: if you don’t go to a 4 yr university from HS, you are a failure:
- army
- entrepreneurs
- transfer from community
Establishes two positions as if there are only two possibilities
Slippery slope
Ex: if you get a tattoo people will think you’re in a gang and you will get shot.
Exaggerating consequences from actual people situation
Faulty causality
Ex: violent video games (up)
(Teens) crime has risen
No relationship/ lack of evidence
Straw man
AA: whether abortion decrease crime
WA: abortion is good or bad
Attacking an argument that is weaker than the actual argument
