Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Ad hominem
A personal attack on opponent rather than opponents views
As misericordium
Appeal to pity
Ad populum
Appealing to supposed prejudices and emotions of masses
Bandwagon appeal
Appeal aimed at belonging to the group and behaving like the majority
Begging the question
Passes as a true assumption that needs to be proven
Circular reasoning
The conclusion of a deductive argument is hidden in the premise of that argument. This a circle
False analogy
Two things being compared that don’t match up
False dilemma
Simplification of complex issues with an either or choice
False use of authority
Someone who’s an expert in one area is used as an authority for another unrelated area
Hasty generalization
Arriving at a conclusion based on too little evidence
Non sequitur
Draws a conclusion that doesn’t follow logically from the premise
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Establishes a questionable cause and effect relationship
Red herring
Evidence that’s fallaciously used to distract audience from the true issue of an argument
Slippery slope
Presumes that one event will inevitably lead to a chain of other events that end in catastrophe
Stacking the deck
Only giving evidence that supports one side of the argument, disregarding or withholding contrary evidence
