Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Strawman fallacy
Misrepresenting someone’s claim to make it easier to attack
false cause fallacy
assuming that the cause of one thing leads to the cause of another
appeal to emotion
using fear or anger to make an argument
gambler’s fallacy
assuming that ‘runs’ of certain odds create conditions for the next one
bandwagon
because everybody else does it, something is legitimate
appeal to authority
because authority says something, a thing is legitimate
the fallacy fallacy
because an argument is poorly argued, or that a fallacy has been made, someone’s point is wrong
slippery slope
because A could happen, Z could might have a better chance of happening, so we should avoid it
ad hominum
attacking an opponent to not their argument
comospition/division
assuming that because something applies to one part of something, it applies to all of its parts
Example: Daniel was a precocious child and had a liking for logic. He reasoned that atoms are invisible, and that he was made of atoms and therefore invisible too. Unfortunately, despite his thinky skills, he lost the game of hide and go seek.
no true scotsman
making an appeal to purity as a way to dismiss the argument.
EX: Not all Scotsman have to put sugar in their porridge
Genetic
you can judge something as either good or bad on the basis of where or whom it comes from
EX: not everything that comes from the media is bad
appeal to nature
an appeal to something being natural. Not everything from nature is necessarily good, murder, for example
anecdotal
extrapolating off of very narrow personal stories
the texas sharpshooter
people are choosing a small cluster of data to fit a presumption
