Logical Fallacies

Question 1

5 types of Logical Fallacies

Answer 1

Distorting the Issue
Sabotaging the Argument
Drawing Faulty Conclusions
Misusing Evidence 
Misusing Language

Question 2

6 ways of Distorting an Issue

Answer 2

Bare Assertion
Begging the Question
Oversimplification
Either/Or Thinking
Complex Question
Straw Man

Question 3

6 ways to Sabotage an argument

Answer 3

Red Herring
Misuse Humor
Appeal to Pity
Use of Threats
Bandwagon Mentality
Appeal to Popular Sentiment

Question 4

4 Ways to draw Faulty Conclusions from Evidence

Answer 4

Appeal to Ignorance
Hasty or Broad Generalization
False Cause
Slippery Slope

Question 5

6 Misuse of Evidence

Answer 5

Impressing with numbers
Half-Truths
Unrelated Testimonial
Attack against the person
Hypothesis Contrary to the fact
False Anology

Question 6

3 Misuse of Language

Answer 6

Obfuscation
Ambiguity
Slanted Language

Question 7

Bare Assertion

Answer 7

deny that it exists

Question 8

Begging the Question

Answer 8

circular reasoning, assuming as the basis of your argument the very point you need to prove.

Question 9

Oversimplification

Answer 9

reduces complexity to simplicity

Question 10

Either/Or Thinking

Answer 10

Also known as black-and-white or dualistic thinking this fallacy reduces all options to two extremes.

Question 11

Complex Question

Answer 11

phrasing a question a certain way, so to ignores or covers up a more basic question.

Question 12

Straw Man

Answer 12

an argument against a claim that is easily refuted. Typically, an claim exaggerates or misrepresents the opponents’ position.

Question 13

Red Herring

Answer 13

a volatile idea that pulls readers away from the real issue

Question 14

Misuse of Humour

Answer 14

used to distract or mocks, it undercuts the argument

Question 15

Appeal to Pity

Answer 15

a misleading tug on the heartstrings.

Question 16

Use of Threats

Answer 16

usually the implied negative consequences of continued disagreement

Question 17

Bandwagon Mentality

Answer 17

manipulates people’s desire to belong or be accepted by claiming the majority must be correct

Question 18

Appeal to Popular Sentiment

Answer 18

associating a position with something popularly loved

Question 19

Appeal to Ignorance

Answer 19

shift the burden of proof onto someone else.

Question 20

Hasty or Broad Generalization

Answer 20

a claim is based on too little evidence or allows no exceptions.

Question 21

False Cause

Answer 21

confuse sequence with causation:

Question 22

Slippery Slope

Answer 22

a single step will start an unstoppable chain of events

Question 23

Impressing with Numbers

Answer 23

statistics and numbers that overwhelm them into agreement. In addition, the numbers haven’t been properly interpreted.

Question 24

Half-Truths

Answer 24

contains part of but not the whole truth. Because it leaves out “the rest of the story,” it is both true and false simultaneously

Question 25

Unreliable Testimonial

Answer 25

appeal to authority not qualified in the proper field

Question 26

Hypothesis Contrary to Fact

Answer 26

pure speculation, a claim cannot be tested.

Question 27

False Analogy

Answer 27

argue that X is good (or bad) because it is like Y. Such an analogy may be valid, but it weakens the argument if the grounds for the comparison are vague or unrelated.

Question 28

Obfuscation

Answer 28

using fuzzy terms to muddy the issue.make simple ideas sound more profound than they really are, or they may make false ideas sound true.

Question 29

Ambiguity

Answer 29

Ambiguous statements can be interpreted in two or more opposite ways to obscure a position

Question 30

Slanted Language

Answer 30

words with strong connotations used to draw one away from the logic of an argumen

Question 31

Ethos

Answer 31

believe the argument because of the chariot of the speeker

Question 32

Logos

Answer 32

appeal from logic and reason

Question 33

Pathos

Answer 33

emotional appeal