Logical Fallacies

Question 0

Argument based on limited or biased sample to reach conclusion; leads to faulty conclusion

Answer 0

Hasty generalization

Question 1

Argument based on unqualified generalization

Answer 1

Dicto simpliciter

sweeping generalization; stereotyping

Question 2

Assumes A caused B simply because A happened prior to B. Often superstitions arise from this kind of logic.

Answer 2

Post hoc, ergo prompter hoc

Question 3

The two premises contradict; therefore, the logic is faulty; this fallacy’s most popular appearance is in the form of a challenging question, because questions with contradictory premises are such brain teasers.

Answer 3

Contradictory premises

Question 4

Someone tries to win support for their argument or ideas by exploiting her or his opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.

Answer 4

Ad Misericordiam

appeal for sympathy

Question 5

In this type of logic, though A and B may be similar in one respect (such as colour) they may not both share property X (e.g. size)

Answer 5

False analogy

Question 6

This fallacy consists of offering a poorly supported claim about what might have happened in the past or future if circumstances or conditions were other than they actually were or are. The fallacy also involves treating hypothetical situations as if they were fact.

Answer 6

Hypothesis contrary to fact

Question 7

Where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing everything that the target person is about to say.

Answer 7

Poisoning the well

Question 8

Using the same term with different meanings

Answer 8

Equivocation

Circular logic

Question 9

The conclusion does not follow the argument; missing step; no direct relationship

Answer 9

Non sequitur
("It does not follow")

Question 10

Assumes that something is true when it is in need of proof

Answer 10

Begging the question

Question 11

Ignores the real issue by the use of distracting information

Answer 11

Ignoring the question

Red herring

Question 12

All options are not taken into account in the solution posed by the major premise

Answer 12

Faulty Dilemma

Either/or reasoning

Question 13

Ignores the real issue by turning attention to an individual; occurs in the midst of an argument.

Answer 13

Ad hominem

To the person

Question 14

Logical Structure:
Formal logical reasoning containing 3 parts: 1 major premise, 1 minor premise, and a conclusion.
Each part must be categorical.
All A are B, All C are A, therefore all C are B.
_____ use careful diction and syntax.

Answer 14

Syllogism

Major premise can’t be faulty

Question 15

A “truncated syllogism” since either the major or minor premise of a syllogism is left implied; informal logic.

Answer 15

Enthymeme