Logical Fallacies

Question 1

What is the definition of fallacies?

Answer 1

Logical errors in arguments

Question 2

When irrelevant conclusions are drawn from the premises of an argument

Answer 2

Fallacies of relevance

Question 3

When an argument involves ambiguous language

Answer 3

Fallacies of ambiguity

Question 4

When false assumptions are made about the premises of an argument

Answer 4

Fallacies of presumption

Question 5

Personal Attack

Answer 5

Ad Hominem

Question 6

Ex. You’re face is asymmetrical

Answer 6

Personal attack

Question 7

Bandwagoning

Answer 7

Ad Populum

Question 8

Most people believe in God, so God must exist!

Answer 8

Bandwagoning

Question 9

Appeal to novelty

Answer 9

Ad Novitatem

Question 10

iPhone update is new, so photos app MUST be better

Answer 10

Appeal to novelty

Question 11

Appeal to tradition

Answer 11

Ad Antiquitatem

Question 12

This medicine has always been used, thus it is most effective

Answer 12

Appeal to tradition

Question 13

Organic food is always healthier than non-organic food

Answer 13

Appeal to nature

Question 14

I know I’m not qualified, but if you don’t give me this job my children will starve

Answer 14

Appeal to emotional

Question 15

I know I said I’d come to the movies and I didn’t, but what about the time you didn’t show up to my birthday party?

Answer 15

Red Herring

Question 16

I believe that hunting for sport is immoral. / So you think we should all be forced to be vegetarian because animals are more important than people?

Answer 16

Straw Man

Question 17

Doctors can look up information while treating a patient; why shouldn’t students be able to use their textbooks during a test?

Answer 17

Faulty analogy

Question 18

SLOW children playing sign

Answer 18

Amphiboly

Question 19

The sign said ‘Fine For Parking Here,’ so, since it was fine, I parked here

Answer 19

Equivocation

Question 20

You need a great coach to win the tournament; a great coach is one who won the tournament

Answer 20

Begging the question

Question 21

My grandmother has a cat — all old women own cats

Answer 21

Hasty generalization

Question 22

I always win because I put on my lucky socks before each game

Answer 22

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

Question 23

If I don’t bring my pencil I’ll die

Answer 23

Slippery slope

Question 24

Beauty or brains

Answer 24

False dilemma/dichotomy

Question 25

Have you stopped cheating on tests?

Answer 25

Loaded question

Question 26

All members of the rowing club are conceited; Lucy is not in the rowing club, therefore she is not conceited

Answer 26

Non sequitar

Question 27

Evolution seems really unlikely, thus, evolution did not occur

Answer 27

Personal incredulity

Question 28

An attack on the person instead of the argument, or associating the opponent’s position with a disliked person

Answer 28

Personal attack

Question 29

Asserting that because most people believe in something it must be good/right

Answer 29

Bandwagoning

Question 30

Asserting that because something is new/newer, it must be better

Answer 30

Appeal to novelty

Question 31

Asserting that because something has always been done a certain way, that’s obviously the best/correct way

Answer 31

Appeal to tradition

Question 32

The incorrect presumption that something is good because it is naturally occurring

Answer 32

Appeal to nature

Question 33

An argument based in emotion rather than reason (fear, pity, patriotism, ridicule, spite)

Answer 33

Appeal to emotion

Question 34

A distraction from the actual argument; the introduction of evidence that has nothing to do with the argument

Answer 34

Red Herring

Question 35

The deliberate distortion, exaggeration, or misinterpretation of an opponent’s position, and then a response to the misrepresentation instead of the initial argument

Answer 35

Straw man

Question 36

The incorrect assertion that because two things are alike in one way, they are necessarily alike in some other aspect

Answer 36

Faulty analogy

Question 37

Errors resulting from ambiguous grammar, where the sentence construction allows for multiple meanings

Answer 37

Amphiboly

Question 38

Errors resulting from two possible meanings of the same word

Answer 38

Equivocation

Question 39

A kind of circular reading where a conclusion is already assumed as one of the premises

Answer 39

Begging the question

Question 40

When the stated characteristic of an entire group are based on an unrepresentative sample size; stereotyping

Answer 40

Hasty generalization

Question 41

The incorrect assumption that an event must have been the cause of a later event just because it happened earlier (after this, because of this)

Answer 41

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

Question 42

An argument, using presumption instead of evidence, that a certain undesirable outcome will result from a single action via a series of related events (domino)

Answer 42

Slippery slope

Question 43

Artificially presenting 2 choices, one of which is undesirable, when there is really a spectrum of possibilities

Answer 43

False dilemma/dichotomy

Question 44

Posing a question in such a way that, regardless of the answer, something controversial is agreed to

Answer 44

Loaded question

Question 45

An inference or conclusion that does not logically proceed from the premises upon which it is based

Answer 45

Non sequitar

Question 46

Asserting that a proposition must be false because it contradicts one’s personal beliefs, or is difficult to imagine or understand

Answer 46

Personal incredulity