Logical Fallacies Flashcards
When the arguer assumes what he or she is attempting to prove.
Circular reasoning
An attack on the person, or character of the person, rather than their opinions.
Ad hominem
A fallacious argument that appeals to the popularity if the claim as a reason to accept it.
Ad populum
What does ad hominem mean in Latin?
Against the man
What does ad populum mean in Latin?
To the people
Item A and item B are similar
Item A likes Z
Therefore, B should also like Z
False Analogy
Person A claims x
Person A is popular and widely liked
Therefore, A’s claim is true because of their popularity
Ad populum
Claim assumes Z is true
Therefore Z is true
Begging the Question
An argument that restates the argument or claim rather than proving it. The argument goes in a circle.
Circular Reasoning
A conclusion, or a claim, that is based on insufficient evidence.
Hasty Generalization
Z is true for A
Z is true for B
Z is true for C
Z is true for D
Therefore, Z must be true for E, F, G ………. Y, Z
Hasty Generalizations
This happens when the arguer rushes to a conclusion before having enough relevant facts.
Hasty Generalizations
This type of fallacy occurs when a conclusion does not follow from its premises.
Non-Sequitur
What does Non-Sequitur mean in Latin?
Does not follow
(Optional) Claiming someone’s entire argument is false since it contains a fallacy.
The Fallacy Fallacy
Person A makes claim 1
Person A provides support for claim 1
Therefore, claim 2 must be true
Non-Sequitur
This logical fallacy occurs when it is assumed that one thing caused another when the events happen sequentially.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
What does Post hoc ergo propter hoc mean in Latin?
After this, therefore because of this
This is a logical fallacy that is a diversion tactic that leads people away from the key or real issues.
Red Herring
To create a ___________, people will oppose arguments rather than addressing them.
Red Herring
This fallacy occurs when a person argues that an event will inevitably happen without providing any examples that this may happen. In most cases, a series of steps is intentionally left out.
Slippery Slope
Event A happens
Then, event B happens
Therefore, event A must have caused event B
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Issue Y is being discussed
Issue Z is disguised to look relevant to Y
Issue Y is ignored/abandoned
Red Herring
This logical fallacy happens when someone oversimplifies or misrepresents another person’s argument to make it easier to attack.
Strawman Fallacy
Event A happens (or may happen)
Therefore, event Z will inevitably happen
Slippery Slope
“So what you’re saying is….” is an example of what?
Strawman Fallacy
Person 1 believes A
Person 2 says B (which is a misrepresented version of A)
Person 2 attacks B
Therefore A is wrong
Strawman Fallacy
An argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually flawed.
Logical Fallacy
A claim made to rebut a previous claim.
Counterclaim
A brief reference (often just an author’s last name and a date or page number) made within the body of your essay that helps identify an idea’s original source.
In-text Citation
