logical fallacies

Question 1

Ad Hominem

Answer 1

speaker is attacked rather than the argument

Question 2

Straw Man

Answer 2

Ignores the opponent’s actual position by creating a misrepresented version of the opposing position in order to easily discredit it

Question 3

Poisoning the Well

Answer 3

Adverse information about someone or something is preemptively presented to an audience with the intention of discrediting everything that person is about to say

Question 4

Appeal to False Authority

Answer 4

occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.

Question 5

Appeal to Fear

Answer 5

Creates fear rather than supplies evidence for claim; scare tactics

Question 6

Appeal to Flattery

Answer 6

Flattering the audience is used to convince, rather than evidence

Question 7

Appeal to
Novelty

Answer 7

Something is better because it is new

Question 8

Appeal to Pity

Answer 8

One feels sorry for a cause and that is the motivator, rather than evidence

Question 9

Band-
Wagon

Answer 9

Observation that people often do things because many others do the same

Question 10

Begging the Question

Answer 10

circular argument

Question 11

Burden of Proof

Answer 11

lack of evidence for side A fallaciously = evidence for side B

Question 12

Slippery Slope

Answer 12

One action will lead to several other undesirable actions

Question 13

Hasty
Generalization

Answer 13

Conclusion drawn from a source that is too small

Question 14

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 14

just because two events are linked does not mean that one is the cause or effect of the other

Question 15

Red Herring

Answer 15

Distracter that draws attention away from the real issue

Question 16

False Dilemma

Answer 16

Two alternative points of view are presented as the only options

Question 17

Faulty Analogy

Answer 17

Considered a vulnerable type of evidence as it is susceptible to the charge that two things are not comparable