logical fallacies Flashcards
attacking the individual instead of the argument
Ad Hominem
asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false (or vice versa)
Ad Ignorantium
Urging the hearer to accept a position because a majority of people hold to it.
Ad populum
assuming the thing to be true that you are trying to prove. Circular.
Begging the Question
A deliberate attempt to change the subject or divert the argument from the real question at issue to some side-point.
Red Herring
the speaker argues that, once the first step is undertaken, a second or third step will inevitably follow.
Slippery Slope
Mistaken use of inductive reasoning when there are too few samples to prove a point.
Hasty Generalization
this is a conclusion that assumes that if ´A¨ occurred after ¨B¨ then ¨B¨ must have caused ¨A¨
Post Hoc
Oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices, when there are many gray areas in the center of the argument
Either/ or
refers to the illogical premise that because things have always been done a certain way, they should never be reevaluated
Ad antiquatum
an attempt to ¨prove¨ an argument by overstating, exaggerating, or over-simplifying the arguments of the opposing side.
straw man
a conclusion is suggested based solely on someone´s or something´s history, origin, or source rather than its current meaning or context.
Genetic fallacy
