Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Hasty conclusion is…
Making a judgement on the basis of one or even a few samples
Oversimplication concludes what?
That an effect has only one cause when it is really the result of multiple causes
Overgeneralization (stereotyping) is..
Making a judgement about an entire group based on behavior, mostly undesirable, of a few from that group
False analogies is…
Arguing on the basis of a comparison of unrelated things
Slippery slope argues…
Against an action on the unsupported assertion that it will inevitably lead to a much worse condition
Sweeping generalization states…
a general principle and then applying it in a specific case as though it were a universal rule
Ad hominem (“To the man”) seeks…
To discredit a person’s argument by attacking his personal character, origin, associations, etc.
Appealing to (false) authority appeals…
to the opinion of a person who agrees with you because he is generally respected by the audience, but has no real authority on the topic at hand
Appealing to ignorance claims…
that something is true simply because it cannot be disproved, or that something is untrue because it cannot be proved
“Bandwagon” is justifying…
a course of action because “everyone is doing it.”
“Is/ought or naturalistic fallacy” concludes…
about the way things ought to simply on the basis of how things are, or, are assumed to be
Selective perception (card stacking) looks…
Only for the things that support our current ideas, and ignoring evidence that does not
“False dilemma” is…
oversimplifying a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible (either/or)
“Red Herring” raises…
an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the primary issue. Appealing to fear and pity
“Straw Man”…
distorts or misinterprets the view of another so as to discredit it
