Logical Fallacies Flashcards
What are fallacies?
Common errors in reasoning that illegitimate your argument
How many logical fallacies can be found?
12
What is know as slippery slope?
If A happens, then a lot of events will happened B,C,D until Z happens
Give me an example of slippery slope
If we let him redo the test today, he will want to redo his test all the time
Expain hasty generalization
Making a generalization when missing a lot of information to make it
Example hasty generalization
If you fail your fist examn, you will fail all the other exams
What is a genetic fallacy
Conclusion made due to a person origin, idea or institur determining their character or worth
He is an unfair man bc he is a policemen
Example genetic fallacy
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
A ocurred after B, so B causes A
a black cat crossed my path, and then I got into a car accident
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Explain beginning the question
using the conclusion of an argument to support it
Example beggining the question
Fruits and vegetables are part of a healthy diet. After all, a healthy eating plan includes fruits and vegetables.
What is a circular argument
restates the argument instead of proving it
You must obey the law, because it’s illegal to break the law.
Circular argument
either/or
conclusion that oversimplifies the argument to 2 choices
Every moral choice is either black or white.
Either/or
Explain ad hominem
attacks the character of a person instead of his or her opinions
A lawyer who argues that his client should not be held responsible for theft because he is poor.
Ad hominem
what is ad populum/bandwagon appeal
idea that represents what most people or what a group thins
if you are cool you must have an iphone
ad populum/bandwagon
tactic to avoid the issue by changing the topic
Red herring
example red herring
In conversation - “I am pretty sure that evolution is not a very good explanation for human life. Anyway, I am pretty offended that anyone would suggest that I came from a monkey.”
what is straw man
oversimplifing an opponents point of view to attack their view
Biology teacher begins teaching evolution by stating that all things evolve. Student says she just can’t accept that humans came from bugs.
Straw man fallacie
compares minor erros with big attrocities, suguessting that both are equal
moral equivalence
