logic reasoning types

Question 1

assumption questions

Question 2

strengthen questions

Answer 2

ask you to identify possible gaps between the evidence presented and the conclusion drawn, and then narrow those gaps by adding new evidence.
-The answer choice will present a fact that makes it more likely for the conclusion to be accurate.

Question 3

main idea/conclusion

Answer 3

asks you identify the conclusion of the argument. each answer choice will summarize a different statement in the stimulus, determine which ones are the premises and which one is a new idea drawn from those premises.

Question 4

paradox

Answer 4

ask you to provide an explanation for a pair of facts that seem to contradict each other.
-each answer choice will introduce a new piece of information that could affect how you interpret the facts

Question 5

cannot be true

Question 6

evaluate the conclusion

Answer 6

ask you to determine what information would be necessary in order to determine the accuracy of a conclusion.
-the correct answer will present a question to which you must know the answer in order to decide whether you agree with the conclusion.

Question 7

role of statement

Answer 7

ask you to pick the answer choice that best describes the function of (typically) one sentence within the argument.

Question 8

inference

Answer 8

ask you to determine which answer choice is most likely to be true given only the information provided.
-text is a string of facts or premises that you must assume are true, rather than an argument

Question 9

weaken

Answer 9

The answer choice will present a fact that makes it less likely for the conclusion to be accurate.

Question 10

flaw

Answer 10

ask you to identify an error in the reasoning of an argument. Typically, this takes the form of a gap between the evidence and the conclusion.
-the correct answer will be a description of the gap itself, rather than a fact that could help to widen or narrow that gap.

Question 11

parallel flaw

Answer 11

provide you with a short scenario that involves a faulty chain of reasoning. Your task is to identify the answer choice containing the same flaw as the original.
-all or most of the answer choices will contain flawed logic, but you are looking for the one that is flawed in the same way as the stimulus

Question 12

point at issue

Answer 12

provide you with a short dialogue and ask you to identify a point on which the two speakers disagree.

-speakers will not explicitly disagree. the first speaker will express an opinion on a specific topic and rationalize that opinion. the second speaker will then focus on the rationalization used by the first speaker.

Question 13

method of argument

Answer 13

ask you to analyze the structure of an argument.
focus on rhetoric and argument design.

Question 14

principle questions

Answer 14

two variations: one presents you with a scenario and asks you to identify a principle that justifies the decision made in the scenario.
-the second presents you with a principle and asks you to select a scenario in which that principle is best applied.

Question 15

parallel reasoning

Answer 15

provide you with a short scenario that involves a chain of reasoning, and then they ask you to select an answer choice containing a different scenario with a similar chain of reasoning.

Question 16

point of agreement

Answer 16

provide you with a short dialogue and ask you to identify a point on which the two speakers agree.
-very uncommon