logic & reasoning

Question 1

what is deductive logic?

Answer 1

formal logic

Question 2

what is inductive logic?

Answer 2

informal logic

Question 3

what is an inductive leap?

Answer 3

jumping to conclusions

Question 4

what does fallacious mean?

Answer 4

untrue

Question 5

valid and true

Answer 5

sound

Question 6

unsound

Answer 6

unrealistic

Question 7

slippery slope

Answer 7

domino effect; if a happens then b c d will happen

Question 8

hasty generalization

Answer 8

assumption
ex: boys are more outspoken than girls

Question 9

post hoc

Answer 9

assumes that if a occurred after b, then b must’ve caused a
ex: i drank bottled water and now i am sick, so the water must’ve made me sick

Question 10

begging the question

Answer 10

Public education is going to go downhill in this country because congress is controlled by republicans who hate public education

Question 11

circular reasoning

Answer 11

the best things in life are free, like free love

Question 12

non sequitir

Answer 12

i should be getting an A in writing class— I got an A in my anatomy class last winter

Question 13

false analogy

Answer 13

taking a parenting class is as silly as reading a book to learn how to swim. You can only learn by doing

Question 14

the complex questions

Answer 14

How many school shootings should we tolerate before we change the gun laws

Question 15

governor goodman should lead us— he’s won the Mr universe contest three times.

Answer 15

Red herring

Question 16

don’t vote for Hilary— she used to hit the bottle pretty hard

Answer 16

ad hominem

Question 17

you think that 1+1=2. But adolf hitler, charles manson, and joseph stalin all believed that 1+1=2, so you shouldn’t believe it.

Answer 17

guilt by association

Question 18

you see many redheads with freckles.
From these observations you conclude that, in general, redheads have freckles.

Answer 18

inductive reasoning

Question 19

i probably have a cold because i have a stuffy nose, sore throat, and headache.

Answer 19

deductive

Question 20

major premise: all dogs bark
minor premise: fido is a dog
conclusion:

Answer 20

therefore fido barks

Question 21

all healthy people eat carrots
Julie eats carrots
therefore, julie is healthy.

Answer 21

invaild

Question 22

only mammals have hair.
Gordon has hair.
therefore, Gordon is a mammal.

Answer 22

valid

Question 23

all men have wings
bill is a man
bill has wings

Answer 23

valid, unsound

Question 24

all witches have warts.
my neighbor has a wart.
my neighbor is a witch.

Answer 24

invalid, unsound

Question 25

all libraries have books.
the wpl is a library.
thus the wpl must have books.

Answer 25

valid, sound

Question 26

i studied hard, i answered every question. none of my answers was wrong. i have read my exam over again and again and can still see no reason for getting only a C.

Answer 26

inductive leap

Question 27

the brain is like a computer. Scientists have demonstrated that, like the computer, the brain works through electrical impulses.

Answer 27

fallacious analogy

Question 28

if snow white eats the apple, she’ll be full.
snow white is full.
therefore, snow white ate the apple

Answer 28

fallacy

Question 29

the glass slipper will only fit the missing lady.
the glass slipper fits cinderella.
therefore , cinderella is the missing lady.

Answer 29

valid

Question 30

rumplestilskin kept his name a secret.
he wore a name tag.
therefore, he revealed his name.

Answer 30

fallacy because the name tag could’ve shown a different name than his own.

Question 31

birds can fly.
airplanes can fly.
therefore, airplanes are birds.

Answer 31

invalid, unsound

Question 32

if jane has a cat, then jane has a pet.
jane has a pet.
therefore, jane has a cat

Answer 32

invalid because having a pet doesn’t mean you automatically have a cat.

Question 33

ufos exist because no one has proved that they don’t.

Answer 33

argument toward ignorance

Question 34

lying is wrong because people should always tell the truth.

Answer 34

begging the question

Question 35

either you love your job, or you hate it.

Answer 35

either/ or thinking