Logic of English Spelling Rules Flashcards
Rule 1: C always softens to ___ when followed by ___, I___, or ___. Otherwise, C says ___.
C says ___ before a consonant and at the end of a word
Rule 1: C always softens to /s/ when followed by E, I, or Y. Otherwise, C says /k/.
center, circus, icy
cat, cot, cut
clap, enacting
arc, acoustic
Rule 2: G may soften to ___ only when followed by ___, ___, or ___. Otherwise, G says ___.
G MAY say ___, but not always.
G says ___ before a consonant and at the end of a word
Rule 2: G may soften to /j/ only when followed by E, I, or Y. Otherwise, G says /g/.
germ, ginger, biology
gap, goat, begun
glad, granular, magnet
egg, crag, leg
Rule 3: English words do not end in ___, ___, ___, or___.
Rule 3: English words do not end in I, U, V, or J.
Rule 4: ___, ___, ___,___ usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable.
Rule 4: A E O U usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable.
famous, unit
Rule 5: I and Y may say ___ or ___ at the end of a syllable.
Rule 5: I and Y may say /ĭ/ or /ī/ at the end of a syllable.
clinic physical
lion cry
Rule 6: When a one-syllable word ends in a single-vowel Y, it always says ___.
Rule 6: When a one-syllable word ends in a single-vowel Y, it always says /ī/.
by, try
7.1: Y says ___only in an unstressed syllable at the end of a multi-syllable word.
7.1: Y says /ē/ only in an unstressed syllable at the end of a multi-syllable word.
baby, berry
7.2: I may say ___ with a silent final E, at the end of a syllable, and at the end of foreign words.
7.2: I may say /ē/ with a silent final E, at the end of a syllable, and at the end of foreign words.
spaghetti
Rule 8: I and O MAY say___ and___ when followed by two consonants.
Rule 8: I and O may say /ī/ and /ō/ when followed by two consonants.
bold bond pint print
poll pond rind rink
Rule 9: AY usually spells the sound ___ at the end of a base word.
Rule 9: AY usually spells the sound /ā/ at the end of a base word.
may portray
Rule 10: When a word ends with the phonogram A, it says ___. A may also say ___ after a ___ or before an___.
Rule 10: When a word ends with the phonogram A, it says /ä/. A may also say /ä/ after a W or before an L.
zebra
vendetta
Rule 11: Q always needs a U; therefore, U is ___ a vowel here.
Rule 11: Q always needs a U; therefore, U is not a vowel here.
queen
Rule 12: Silent Final E Rules:
12.1: The vowel says its ___ sound because of the E.
12.2: English words do not end in ___ or ___.
12.3: The C says ___ and the G says ___because of the E.
12.4: Every syllable must have a written ___.
12.5: Add an E to keep ___ words that end in the letter S from looking plural.
12.6: Add an E to make the word look ___.
12.7: TH says its voiced sound ___ because of the E.
12.8: Add an E to clarify meaning.
12.9: Unseen reason.
Rule 12: Silent Final E Rules:
12.1: The vowel says its long sound because of the E.
12.2: English words do not end in V or U.
12.3: The C says /s/ and the G says /j/ because of the E.
12.4: Every syllable must have a written vowel.
12.5: Add an E to keep singular words that end in the letter S from looking plural.
12.6: Add an E to make the word look bigger.
12.7: TH says its voiced sound /TH/ because of the E.
12.8: Add an E to clarify meaning.
12.9: Unseen reason.
Rule 13: Drop the silent ___ when adding a vowel suffix only if it is allowed by other spelling rules.
Rule 13: Drop the silent final E when adding a vowel suffix only if it is allowed by other spelling rules.
Rule 14: ___ the last consonant when adding a vowel suffix to words ending in one vowel followed by one consonant only if the syllable ___ the suffix is stressed.*
Rule 14: Double the last consonant when adding a vowel suffix to words ending in one vowel followed by one consonant only if the syllable before the suffix is stressed.*
Rule 15: Single-vowel ___changes to I when adding any ending, unless the ending ___ with ___.
Rule 15: Single-vowel Y changes to I when adding any ending, unless the ending begins with I.
Rule 16: Two I’s ___ be next to one another in English words.
Rule 16: Two I’s cannot be next to one another in English words.
Rule 17: TI, CI, and SI are used only at the___ of any syllable after the first one.
Rule 17: TI, CI, and SI are used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
Rule 18: SH spells /sh/ at the ___ of a base word and at the end of the syllable. SH ___spells /sh/ at the beginning of any syllable after the first one, except for the ending -ship.
Rule 18: SH spells /sh/ at the beginning of a base word and at the end of the syllable. SH never spells /sh/ at the beginning of any syllable after the first one, except for the ending -ship.
Rule 19 To make a verb ___ tense, add the ending -ED unless it is an irregular verb.
Rule 19 To make a verb past tense, add the ending -ED unless it is an irregular verb.
Rule 20: -ED, past tense ending, forms another syllable when the base word ends in /d/ or /t/. Otherwise, -ED says /d/ or /t/.
Rule 20: -ED, past tense ending, forms another syllable when the base word ends in /d/ or /t/. Otherwise, -ED says /d/ or /t/.
Rule 21: To make a noun ___, add the ending -S, unless the word ___ or ___; then add -ES. Some nouns have no change or an irregular spelling.
Rule 21: To make a noun plural, add the ending -S, unless the word hisses or changes; then add -ES. Some nouns have no change or an irregular spelling.
Rule 22: To make a verb 3rd person ___, add the ending -S, unless the word ___ or ___; then add -ES. Only four verbs are irregular. (has, does, goes, is)
Rule 22: To make a verb 3rd person singular, add the ending -S, unless the word hisses or changes; then add -ES. Only four verbs are irregular. (has, does, goes, is)
Rule 23: AL- is a prefix written with one ___ when ___ another syllable.
Rule 23: AL- is a prefix written with one L when preceding another syllable.
