Logic Of English Flashcards

1
Q

diacritic

A

Phonogram that affects the doing of another phonogram by its proximity

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2
Q

When does C softens?

A

C softens to S when followed by E, I, Y. Otherwise C says K

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3
Q

When is G soften?

A

G may soften to J before E, I and Y, otherwise it says G

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4
Q

Which letters can’t be last in a word?

A

I, U, V, J

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5
Q

Which vowels usually say their long sounds at the end of a syllable?

A

A, E, O, U

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6
Q

What may I and Y say at the end of a syllable?

A

Short and long I

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7
Q

What’s the sound of a syllable word that ends in Y

A

Long I, ex. Cry

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8
Q

Y says long e only …

A

In an unstressed syllable at the end of a multi syllable word, ex. Melody

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9
Q

I may say long e …

A

With a silent e at the end of a syllable (e.g. cookie)

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10
Q

I and O may say long I and long O …

A

When followed by two consonants
Ex. Pond, cold, mint, mind

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11
Q

AY usually spells the sounds …

A

Long A at the end of a base word

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12
Q

Identify three reasons that A says broad A

A

At the end of a word, ex. papa
after W or before L

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13
Q

Q always needs…

A

A U, and U isn’t a vowel there

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14
Q

What does a silent E do at the end of a word? (8 reasons)

A

Makes the vowel say the long sound
Or avoid word ending with U or V
Or avoid word ending with S (distinct from plural)
Or soften the ending C or G
Or make vowel sounds with either l or r
Or say the voices TH
Or make the word look bigger
Or make a different word

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15
Q

What are the two requirements for dropping the silent E when adding a suffix?

A

adding a vowel suffix
keeping the softness of C and G

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16
Q

What’s a schwa?

A

Unstressed vowel that sounds similar to a short U

17
Q

Identify three conditions to double the last consonant when adding a suffix

A

It’s a vowel suffix
Word ends in one vowel phonogram followed by one consonant sound
Last syllable will be stressed

18
Q

Identify two conditions for changing the ending Y to I

A

It’s a single vowel Y
The suffix begins with any letter except I

19
Q

Identify three questions to ask when adding a suffix

A

Does it end with:
Silent E
One vowel and one consonant
Y

20
Q

voiced sound of P

A

B

21
Q

Choose voiced sound of T

A

D

22
Q

Choose unvoiced sound of G

A

K

23
Q

Choose voiced sound of CH

A

J

24
Q

Choose unvoiced sound of V

A

F

25
Q

Choose unvoiced sound of Z

A

S

26
Q

When can TI be used?

A

Only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one

27
Q

What are the other three phonograms for SH sounds

A

TI, CI, SI

28
Q

The places where SH can be used?

A

At the beginning of a base word
At the end of the syllable
-Ship

29
Q

Three ways to say the past tense ending ED

A

Short E after D or T sound, like handed
D sound after a voiced sound, like played
T sound after an unvoiced sound, like thanked

30
Q

One reason to use ES ending for plural noun and third person singular verb

A

The base word hisses (ex. Watches) or changes (ex. Puppies)

31
Q

When are DGE and CK used

A

After a single vowel that’s says its short sound (eg. judge, back)

32
Q

When is TCH used

A

After a single vowel that says its broad sound (eg. Watch) or short sound (eg. Butcher)

33
Q

When are phonograms ending in GH used

A

Only at the end of a base word or before the letter T
Ex. Laugh, weight

34
Q

In phonograms ending in GH, how is GH pronounced

A

Silent or F
Ex. Fight, tough

35
Q

How to make Z sound at the beginning of a word

A

Usually Z
Never S
Sometimes X

36
Q

Which letters are often doubled after
a single, short or broad, vowel at the end of a base word

A

F like off
L like ball
S like mess

37
Q

When may one say one of the schwa sounds?

A

In an unstressed syllable or unstressed word

38
Q

When does O says short U

A

In a stressed syllable next to W, TH, M, N or V. (Wealth mountain view)
Ex. Mother , wonder

39
Q

When do AR and OR say the schwa sound ER?

A

In an unstressed syllable
Ex. Inventor