Logic And Reasoning

Question 1

What is logic

Answer 1

Derived from Logos
Process of reasoning and the validity of conclusions to produce sound judgement
Governs deductive reasoning - Aristotle

Question 2

Reasoning

Answer 2

Process of forming conclusion, or inferences from facts or premises

Question 3

Proposition

Answer 3

A statement that is true or false, questions or commands

Question 4

Valid reasoning

Answer 4

Comply with the laws of thought

Question 5

Laws of thought

Answer 5

Identity
Non-Contraction
The Excluded Middle

Question 6

Rules of Thought

Answer 6

Ockham’s Theory

Sufficient reason

Question 7

Identity

Answer 7

Law of thought
A is A, Tom is Tom
Impossible to think about it doesn’t have an identity

Question 8

Non-Contradiction

Answer 8

Can’t be true and false at the same time

Question 9

The excluded middle

Answer 9

A specific proposition is either true or false it enables us to assign a true-value to a proposition

Question 10

Ockham’s Razor

Answer 10

Apply to inductive, when more then one can be correct, the fewest assumptions fewer entities to explain same facts is best

Question 11

Sufficient Reason

Answer 11

Everything must have a reason or a cause. Allows us the answer the question “why”

Question 12

Deductive reasoning

Answer 12

General premise to specific conclusion

Question 13

Inductive reasoning

Answer 13

Specific premise to general conclusion

Question 14

Deductive argument

Answer 14

Reached by reasoning only

Question 15

Inductive argument

Answer 15

Conclusion is a general rule which is probably true, based on specific premises that are true

Question 16

Abductive argument

Answer 16

Conclusion is most plausible explanation, given the premises are true, conclusion assumes simplest form. Adhere to Ockham’s razor

Question 17

Valid deductive argument

Answer 17

Conclusion logically follows from, or is entailed in the premise. If one or more of premises are false, the conclusion will be false

Question 18

Sound deductive argument

Answer 18

Argument with a valid form and true premises

Question 19

Invalid deductive argument

Answer 19

Conclusion is not logically entailed in the premises

Question 20

Strong inductive argument

Answer 20

High level of probability that the conclusion will follow from the premise based on past premise pattern
99.99%

Question 21

Weak inductive argument

Answer 21

Low level probability that the conclusion will follow from the premise
51%