Logic and Language Flashcards
extensional definition
tells the meaning of a term by indicating the set of things it applies to
ostensive definition
shows the meaning of a term by point to objects in its extention
enumerative definition
shows the meaning of a term by naming the members of its extension INDIVIDUALLY
definition by subclass
shows the meaning of the term by naming the members of its extension in GROUPS
intentional definition
shows the meaning of a term by indicating the properties a thing must have to be included in the terms extension
lexical definition
reports the conventional or established intension of the term
(dictionary definition)
stipulative definition
specifies the intention of a term independently of convention or established use
-a recommendation or proposal to use a term in a certain manner
precising definition
reduces the vagueness of a term by imposing limits on the conventional meaning
-still use the lexical (dictionary) definition of the word but adds on to make it more clear
-“poor” is someone who makes less then 20,000
theoretical definition
attempts to provide an adequate understanding of the things to which the terms applies
-to provide a deeper and better understanding
definiendum
word being defined
definiens
word or words that do the defining
genus
class of objects
species
proper subclass of a genus
what is an example of a genus, species and their difference
genus - dog
species - puppy
difference - being young
difference
the attribute that distinguishes the members of a given species from the members of another species in the same genus
what are the 6 criteria for evaluating definitions by genus and difference
- too wide
- too narrow
- obscure, ambiguous, figurative
- circular
- unnecessarily negative
- unsuitable attribute
