Logic Flashcards
Argument meaning
An argument is any two or more (collected series) statements in which one is the reason for another (to establish a proposition).
Statement meaning
A statement is a simple sentence which has only one meaning, in which can be either true or false.
Synonym: Proposition
Different kinds of proposition (statement)
- Positive Statement
- Negative Statement
- Conjunction (…, and…)
- Disjunction (…, or…)
- Conditionals (if…, then…)
Reference meaning
Reference is a real-world object or event which it stands for.
Sense meaning
The sense of a word includes all the things that figure into the context in which the word is spoken: the speaker’s situation, the tone of voice, physical gestures, the way the word was used in a recent previous statement, etc.
The sense and the reference of a word makes up what?
Meaning
Premise meaning
A statement given in support of another statement. It is the reason why another statement should be accepted as true.
Conclusion meaning
It is a statement which is supported by the premises. It is the point of an argument that aims to prove is true.
Inference meaning
It is a line of logic between statements which lead you from the premises to the conclusion.
Deduction meaning
If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
Induction meaning
If the premises are true, then the conclusion is probably true.
Truth meaning and ways to find out if a proposition is true
Truth is a property of statements.
- Correspondence (observe and scientifically prove it)
- Coherence (it fits well with what we believe)
- Pragmatism (when we put some kind of test)
Validity meaning
It is an inference that leads you from premise to conclusion correctly. It is a property of inference.
Sound-ness meaning and the two factors
It is a property of arguments as a whole.
- It must have true premises
- It must have valid/strong inference
