Log Reasoning Flashcards
Name the 9 premise indicators
- Because
- Since
- For
- For the reason that
- In that
- Given that
- As indicated by
- Due to
- Furthermore
Name the 9 conclusion indicators
- Thus
- Therefore
- Hence
- Consequently
- As a result
- So
- Accordingly
- It follows
- It must be that
What are the 13 question stems
- Must be true
- Main point
- Point at issue/point of agreement
- Assumption
- Justify the conclusion
- Strengthen/support
- Resolve the paradox
- Weaken
- Method of reasoning
- Flaw in the reasoning
- Parallel reasoning
- Evaluate the argument
- Cannot be true
What type of question?
Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above?
Must be true
What type of question?
Which of the following is best illustrated by the statements above?
Must be true
What type of question?
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
Must be true
What type of question?
Which one of the following can be properly concluded from the claims in the advertisement?
Must be true
What type of question?
Which one of the following statements is an inference that can be drawn from the information given in the passage?
Must be true
What type of question?
The essayists statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following?
Must be true
What type of question?
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true about the ____?
Must be true
What type of question?
The researchers statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
Must be true
What type of question?
Which one of the following can be logically concluded from the information above?
Must be true
What type of question?
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn by the citizen?
Main point
What type of question?
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion of the ______ argument as a whole?
Main point
What type of question?
Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the argument above?
Main point
What is this argument element?
Furthermore
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Moreover
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Besides
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
In addition
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
What’s more
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
After all
Additional premise indicator
What is this argument element?
But
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Yet
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
However
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
On the other hand
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Admittedly
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
In contrast
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Although
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Even though
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Still
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Whereas
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
In spite of
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Despite
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
After all
Counter premise indicator
What is this argument element?
Consequently
Conclusion indicator
What is this argument element?
Thus
Conclusion indicator
What is this argument element?
Therefore
Conclusion indicator
What type of question?
Asks you to find the primary conclusion made by the author
Main point
What type of question?
Asks you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus.
Must be true
What type of question?
Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers and thus these questions appear almost exclusively with two speaker stimuli
Point at issue
What type of question?
“Larson and Manuela disagree about whether…”
Point at issue
What type of question?
Author asks you to identify an assumption of the author’s argument.
Assumption
What type of question?
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above?
Assumption
What type of question?
Ask you to supply a piece of information that, when added to the premises, prices the conclusion.
Justify the conclusion
What type of question?
Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn?
Justify the conclusion
What type of question?
Ask you to select the answer choice that provides support for the authors argument or strengthens it in some way
Strengthen/support
What type of question?
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Strengthen/support
What type of question?
Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above?
Strengthen/support
What type of question?
Contains a discrepancy of seeming contradiction then asks you to find the answer that best resolves the situation
Resolve the paradox
What type of question?
Asks you to attack or undermine the authors argument
Weaken
What type of question?
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Weaken
What type of question?
Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument
Method of reasoning
What type of question?
Which one of the following describes the technique of reasoning used above
Method of reasoning
What type of question?
Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author
Flaw in reasoning
What type of question?
The reasoning in the astronomers argument is flawed because this argument …
Flaw in reasoning
What type of question?
Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus
Parallel reasoning
What type of question?
Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above
Parallel reasoning
What type of question?
You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument
Evaluate the argument
What type of question?
The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument
Evaluate the argument
What type of question?
Ask you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus
Cannot be true
What type of question?
If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
Cannot be true