Log Book Flashcards
What are loop diuretics and what are the indications and side effects
Furosemide ( brand: lasix and diusemid)
Bumetanide (brand: Burinex)
Indications: edema, heart failure, chronic renal impairment and hypertension
S/E : ototoxicity, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, weakness
What are thiazide diuretics and what are the indications and side effects
Hydrochlorothiazide (esidex, monozide, modrex)
Indications: hypertension, edema, glucose intolerance and hyperglycaemia
S/E HYPOKALEMIA
What are potassium sparing diuretics and what are the indications and side effects
Spironolacton ( aldacton , noracton)
Indications: primary aldosteronism, edema , HTN associated with heart failure
S/E headache dizziness orthostatic hypotension hyperkalemia ( nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia)
What are ACEI and what are the indications and side effects
captopril ( capocard , capoten)
Enalapril ( angiotec)
Ramipril (triace)
Lisinopril (lisocard)
Indications: hypertension, CHF, kidney problems caused by diabetes, improve survival after heart attacks
Side effects: cough and skin rash
Contraindication: pregnancy and angioedema
What are ARBs and what are the indications and side effects
Candesartan ( atacand, blopress, Garcia)
Valsartan ( diovan, diostar)
Irbesartan ( aproval)
Telmisartan ( micaedis)
Indications: hypertension, CHF
S/E back pain, dizziness, cold-flu like symptoms
Contraindications: pregnancy and children under 1
What are Beta blockers and what are the indications and side effects
Metoprolol (betaloc ZOK)
Bisoprolol (Concor, B-cor)
Atenolol (tenormin)
Nebivolol ( nebilet)
Propranolol (inderal)
Carvidilol (unidil)
Indications: hypertension, angina pectoris, post-acute MI
S/E: well tolerated, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, worsening CHF
Contraindication: avoid with heart block, sinus bradycardia and cardogenic block.
Use with caution with asthma
What are CCBs and what are the indications and side effects
Verapamil (isoptin)
Diltazem (dilzam retard)
S/E Headache and constipation
Dihydropyridines
Nifedipine (adalat)
Amlodipine (norvasc, amlocard)
Felopidine (plendil)
Lecardipine (lercadip)
Indications: angina and HTN
S/E headaches, tolerance, dizziness, peripheral edema, postural hypotension
Contraindications: heart block, heart failure, hypersensitivity, unstable angina,lactation
What are alpha blockers and what are the indications and side effects
Prazosin (mini press)
Doxazosin (cardura)
Indications hypertension and BHP
S/E dizziness, fatigue, priapism, orthostatic hypotension, first dose phenomenon
Avoid use with hypertension
Use with caution with impaired hepatic function and older adults
What are Anti-platelets and what are the indications and side effects
Acetyl-salicylic acid ( aspirin , salisal)
S/E increases coagulation time, Reyes syndrome, GI bleed tinnitus, liver toxicity
Clopidogrel (plavix, platil, clovex)
S/E HEADACHES AND CONSTIPATION
Indications antipyretic (aspirin), heart attacks, angina, mı, strokes, TIA
What are anticoagulants and what are the indications and side effects
Warfarin (Orfarin, marveran)
Indications □ As
anticoagulant for
DVT, Pulmonary
embolus
S/E □ Ecchymotic
skin
□ GI & skin
problem
□ Hypotension
□thrombocytope
nia
Adverse
effects/toxicity:
□ Bleeding is
the major
adverse effect.
Heparin
Indications □ As
anticoagulant for
DVT,
Pulmonary
embolus, angina,
acute MI.
S/E□ Bleeding
□ Heparininduced
Thrombocytope
nia (HIT) – may
appear up to
several weeks
later.
Enoxaparin
Indications □Treat or
prevent a deep
vein
thrombosis (DV
T)
□Enoxaparin is
also used to
prevent blood
vessel
complications in
people with
certain types
of angina (chest
pain) or heart
attack.
S/E □Anemia
□Hemorrhage
□Fever.
What are antiarrhythmic and what are the indications and side effects
Lanoxin (digoxin)
Indications □ In heart failure
it Increase
contraction of
the heart muscle.
□ In atrial fib, it
slows the heart
rate
S/E □ Nausea, HA,
loss of usual
appetite.
Adverse
effects/toxicity:
□ Toxicity may go
unrecognized since
it presents with
same symptoms as
flu (N/V, anorexia,
diarrhea, vomiting
visual
disturbance).
□ Blurred green
or yellow vision
or halo effect.
□ In HF, early sign
of toxicity includes
dysrhythmias.
□ Children rarely
show signs of N/V,
diarrhea, visual
problem, anorexia
What are statins
Simvastatin (zocor)
Atorvastatin (lipitor, aditor)
Rusvastatin (eveness)
Fluvastatin (lescol)
Indications □ Lower
“bad” cholesterol
and fats (such
as LDL, triglycer
ides( and raise
“good”
cholesterol
(HDL) in
the blood.
S/e □ Dizziness
□ Fainting
□ Fast
or irregular
heartbeat
□ Myalgia
□ Elevations
in liver function
tests
□ Constipation
What are fibrates and what are the indications and side effects
Fenofibrate (lipanthy, trigless)
Gemfibrozil (lopid, low lip, lipofor)
Indications □ It helps
reduce
cholesterol and
triglycerides
(fatty acids) in
the blood. High
levels of these
types of fat in
the blood are
associated with
an increased risk
of atheroscleros
is (clogged
arteries)
S/E□ Patients with
severe renal
impairment,
including those
receiving dialysis
□ Patients with
active liver disease,
including those with
primary biliary
cirrhosis and
unexplained
persistent liver
function
abnormalities
□ Eczema
□ Rash
□ Pancreatitis
□ Dyspepsia
□ Cholelithiasis.
□ Abdominal pain.
What are short acting b2 agonist
Salbutamol ( ventolin, butalin, asmadil)
Indications - Treat or
prevent
bronchospasm in
patients with
asthma,
bronchitis,
emphysema, and
other lung
diseases. It is
also used to
prevent
bronchospasm
caused by
exercise.
Side effects -Increase in heart rate
-Headache
- Tremor (usually of
the hands)
- Excitement
-Nervousness
-Taste alteration (bad,
unpleasant and
unusual taste)
-Mouth and throat
irritation
-Nausea and Dizziness
-Sweating
-Restlessness
What are long acting b2 agonist
Formoterol (oxis)
Salmeterol ( serevent, seretide)
Indications -It is used to
treat asthma.
- It is used to
treat COPD
(chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease).
-It is used to
prevent exerciseinduced
breathing
problems.
-This medicine is
not to be used to
treat intense
flare-ups of
shortness of
breath. Use a
rescue inhaler.
Talk with the
doctor.
S/E- Angina
- hypertension
or hypotension
-Tachycardia
-Arrhythmias
-Nervousness
-Headache
-Tremor
-Dry mouth
-Palpitation
-Muscle cramps
-Nausea
-Dizziness
-Fatigue
-Malaise
-Hypokalemia
-Hyperglycemia
-Metabolic acidosis
-Insomnia
