Lofe Transition Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What can illness be defined as?
A
The loss of physical or mental health
2
Q
What can disability be defined as?
A
The loss of physical or mental functioning
3
Q
What can health be defined as?
A
A state of well-being in all dimensions of one’s life
4
Q
What can stigma be defined as
A
Social shame associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person that causes one to feel shame or embarrassment
5
Q
What are the four dimensions of health?
A
Physical, emotional, social, spiritual
6
Q
What must the dimensions of health be considered in?
A
A discussion of whole health
7
Q
What is physical health influenced by?
A
Genetics and lifestyle
8
Q
When is physical health achieved?
A
When the body is strong, fit and free from disease
9
Q
What contributes to good physical health?
A
- nutrition
- Exercise
- Not smoking
- Not drinking or drinking in moderation
- Maintaining optimal body
- Following safety practises
- Seeking medical attention when needed
10
Q
What is emotional health?
A
The ability to function well in and adapt, appropriately to circumstances whatever they may be
11
Q
How do you know when people are emotionally healthy?
A
They feel good about themselves. They have strong, self-esteem, self-control, and self-awareness.
- Do not worry about rejection or hurt
12
Q
When is spiritual health achieved?
A
Achieve through belief in a purpose, greater than the self can include religion, or believe in in a higher being
13
Q
What are some characteristics of having spiritual health?
A
- Clear understanding of what they believe to be right and wrong
- Behavior often reflects beliefs
- Concerned about personal fulfilment
- Feel like their lives have meaning
14
Q
When is social health achieved?
A
Through stable and satisfying relationships
15
Q
How to treat others in regard to social health
A
- Treat others with respect, warmth and openness
- Like and trust others
16
Q
What are the elements of spiritual health?
A
- compassion
- Honesty
- Humility
- Forgiveness
- Charity
17
Q
How can support workers support spiritual health?
A
- respect Client expression
- Transport clients to religious ceremonies
18
Q
How is cognitive health achieved?
A
By keeping the mind, active and creative through life
19
Q
What do cognitively healthy people do throughout life?
A
- maintain curiosity
- Analyze
- Reason
- Solve problems
- Open mind
- Eager to learn
20
Q
How can support workers encourage cognitive health
A
- encourage participations I’m games, outings, activities
- talk to clients about community and world events
21
Q
What are the factors that affect health?
A
- Income and social status
- Social support networks
- Education and history
- Employement and working conditions
- Social supports
- Physical environments
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture
22
Q
Why does personal lifestyle choice affect health?
A
- making wrong choices
- have healthy habits
23
Q
Why does stress affect health?
A
- deal with stress poorly
24
Q
Why do personal beliefs about health care affect health?
A
- might cause someone not to seek medical attention
25
Why do social relationships and belonging affect health
- make unhealthy life choices to be accepted by others
26
How does a sense of control affect health?
- feel powerless so make wrong choices
27
How to care for clients with illness and disability
- help them achieve their best physical health
- consider all dimensions of health
- observe and listen to needs
- observe for changes in mood, energy, behaviour, and report
- remain calm, patient, and gently with clients
28
What are the factors that affect a clients experience of illness and disability
- nature of illness/condition
- age
- level of physical fitness
- amount and degree of pain and discomfort
- the prognosis
- emotional, social, cognitive, spiritual health
- personality and ability to cope
- cultural background
- the orecense of emotional, social, and financial support
29
What happens with insomnia/poor sleep?
- sleep declined
- Hospitalization for sleep deprivation
30
What does it mean to be rested?
- calm, eased, relaxed, free from anxiety and stress
31
What is important for rest?
- Comfortable position, good body alignment,
- quiet, setting, clean, dry, wrinkle free bed in clean room
- basic needs met
32
How does income and social status affect health
Higher income equals a better living condition, such as housing and buying nutritious foods
33
How do you social support networks affect health?
Support from families, friends and communities is associated with better health. It’s important to help people deal and solve problems and maintain control over their lives, which results in satisfactory and will be hearing.
34
How does education in history affect health
-linked to Socio economic status
- key contributors to health and prosperity
- equips people with knowledge and skills
- Increase his job opportunities, income security, and job satisfaction
-Better access an understanding of information that helps with maintenance of health
35
How does employment and working conditions affect health
Unsteady or lack of employment, create stress, which is associated with poor health
36
How do social supports affect health?
Strength of social networks within a community is reflected in the institutions organizations and practises that people create to share and build attachment with others
37
How do physical environment affect health
- both natural and human made environments affect health
- Includes the assessment and control of those environments
- Air quality noise levels, soil and water conditions, climate safety hazards, presence of pests decline health
- More likely to be healthy when we can eliminate harmful influences from the physical environment
38
How do you personal health practises and coping skills affect health?
We can take actions that prevent disease, promote self-care, coping strategies, self-reliant solve problems and make choices to enhance health
39
How does healthy child development affect health
How old is affected by children’s housing in neighborhood, family income, the parents education, access to nutritious foods, physical recreation genetic make up an access to dental and medical care
40
How does a Biology and genetic endowment effect health?
- persons tendency to arrange of individual responses that affect health status
- Provides for easy emotional adaptation to their situations
- Can predispose certain people to particular diseases of health problems
41
How do health services affect health?
- they are designed to maintain and promote health prevent disease and restore health and function to contribute to population health
- The right of everyone is to access to timely, acceptable affordable, healthcare of appropriate quality
42
How does gender affect health?
Many health issues are a function of gender-based social status or roles
43
How does culture affect health?
- The difference in practises and values can marginalize people or groups
- Being marginalized can result in a loss of devaluation of language and culture, and a lack of availability to culturally appropriate healthcare services
44
What affects sleep?
- illness due to discomfort pain coughing frequent waking
- Nutrition because food or drink can affect sleep such as coffee
- Exercising before bed can disrupt sleep
- Alcohol disrupts normal sleep patterns
- Medication’s because client may not feel refreshed
- Changing stress can disrupt sleep
- Emotional problems such as fear worry depression and anxiety can affect sleep because of waking up often or difficultly with falling asleep.
- the need to urinate during the night
45
What is nocturia?
The need to urinate during the night
46
How many hours of sleep should a newborn baby to baby four weeks old get
14 to 18 hours a day
47
How many hours should an infant that is four weeks old to one year get of sleep
12 to 14 hours a day
48
How many hours should toddlers and preschoolers get of sleep?
11 to 12 hours a day
49
How many hours should a middle/late childhood child that is 6 to 12 year old get of sleep
10 to 11 hours a day
50
How many hours of sleep should an adolescent get that is 12 to 18 years old
8 to 9 hours of sleep a day
51
How many hours a day of sleep should a middle-aged adults get that are 40 to 65-year-old of sleep
Seven hours a day
52
How many hours of sleep do people in late adulthood need per day I’m 65 years old or older
5 to 7 hours
53
What are the signs and symptoms of sleep disorders?
- Hand tremors
- Slow responses
- Hard time finding right words
- Decrease attention, reasoning and judgement
- Irregular pulse
- Red, puffy eyes and dark circles
- Moodiness
- Disorientation
- Feel fatigued, and sleepy
- Agitated and restless
- Irritability
- Coordination problems
- Hallucinations
- Slurred speech
54
What is insomnia?
A persistent condition in which the person cannot go to sleep or stay asleep through the night
55
What are the symptoms of physiological sleep deprivation?
- drooping eyelids and blurred vision
- Fine motor clumsiness
- Slowed reflexes
- Slowed response time
- Decreased reasoning and judgement
- Decreased, auditory and visual alertness
- Cardiac arrhythmias
56
What are the psychological symptoms of sleep deprivation?
- Confusion and disorientation
- Increase sensitivity to pain
- Irritable withdrawn, apathetic
- Excessive sleepiness
- Agitation
- Hyper activity
- Decreased motor
57
How to promote sleep
- organize care for uninterrupted sleep
- Discourage client to do physical activity before bed
- Discouraged clients from doing business or attending the family matters before bed
- Allow flexible bedtimes
- Help clients take a warm bath or shower
- Insure comfortable room temperature
- Provide bedtime snack if needed
- Avoid caffeine before bed
- Have the client avoid before bed
- Follow bedtime, rituals
- Get the client to wear clean loosefitting nightwear
- Provide warm blankets
- Stay and talk with the client
- Reduce noise
- Allow client to read listen to music or TV if they want
- Clean, dry wrinkle free linens
- Dark room
- Client is positioned in good body alignment
- Implement measures for pain relief
- GiveBack massage if ordered
- Relaxation exercises
58
Define attitude
A personal belief value or opinion towards engaging and healthy behaviour
59
What is cognitive health defined as
Well-being in the intellectual dimension achieve through an active, creative mind
60
What kind of determinants of health be defined as
The most important factors such as lifestyle, environment, human biology, and health services that determine health status in an individual or a community
61
What can the dimensions of health be defined as?
All aspects of a persons health. The physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and cognitive.
62
What does holistic health
Physical, emotional, social, spiritual, cognitive health
63
What can disability be defined as?
The loss of physical or mental functioning
64
What can discrimination be defined as?
The unfair treatment of people on the basis of such aspects as their physical characteristics, health history, or group membership
65
What kind of emotional health be defined as
Well-being and emotional dimension which is achieved when people feel good about themselves
66
What kind of environmental health be defined as
All the physical chemical and biological factors eternal to a person, and all the related factors, impacting behaviours
67
Define equitable
Fair, reasonable and just
68
What can gender be defined as
The roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, and relative power, and influence assigned to the sexes by society
69
What can genetic endowment be defined as?
The genetic make up that predisposes an individual to adopt certain behaviours that effect health status
70
What can health be defined as?
A state of well-being, and all dimensions of life
71
What can holistic be defined as?
A concert that considers a whole person, the physical, social, emotional, cognitive and spiritual dimensions
72
What can holistic health be defined as?
A state of well-being in all dimensions of one’s life
73
What can illness be defined as?
The loss of physical or mental health
74
What can marginalize be defined as
The act of excluding people who are not part of the majority culture
75
What can personal empowerment be defined as
Understanding and excepting that you can make your own healthy lifestyle, choices, free from the influence of others
76
What can physical health be defined as
Well, being in the physical dimension which is achieved when the body is, StrongFit and free from disease
77
What can primary prevention strategies be defined as?
Aimed at preventing a disease or illness by reducing its risk factors
78
What can prognosis be defined as?
The expected course of recovery, which may range from full recovery to death based on the usual outcome of the illness
79
What can psycho social health be defined as
Well-being in the social, emotional, intellectual and spiritual dimensions of one’s life
80
What can social health be defined as?
Well, being in the social dimension achieved when people are stable and satisfying relationships
81
What can social support system be defined as?
An informal group of people who help each other or others outside of the group
82
What can spiritual health be defined as
Well, being in the spiritual dimension, achieve through the belief in a purpose greater than the self
83
What can stigma be defined as
Social shame associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person that causes one to feel shame or embarrassment
84
What is rehab?
Interventions that address, the clients, medical, therapeutic and psychosocial needs or combination of these needs and are included in the clients care plan
85
What is the aim of rehab?
To slow decline of functioning or maintain functioning at a higher capacity, to maintain their quality of life and independence
86
What are the goals of rehabilitative and restorative care
- Restore function to former levels
- Improve functional abilities
- Learn new skills
- Vent further disability and illness
87
What does restorative care promote
- self-care
- Elimination
- Positioning
- Mobility
- Communication
- Cognitive function
- Preventing decline
88
When does rehab start?
- after injury or health challenge
- Acute injury
- Illness
- Treatment for lifelong disability
- Chronic condition or degenerative condition
89
What does rehab prevent?
To prevent further disability
90
What is restorative care?
Aimed to prevent health deterioration and maintain or improve a client’s quality of life and restoring the client to their previous functional levels whenever possible
91
What is the restpite/convalescent care
Provides temporary support to individuals living independently or being cared for by a friend or family member
92
What is home exercise program?
An individual I said of therapeutic exercises that a client is top by their physical therapist to be completed at home to complement and reinforce their program
93
What does rehabilitation require?
- Multidisciplinary team effort
- Dependence on client needs and setting
94
Who does the rehab team include?
- The family
- The client
- Therapists
- Physicians
- nurses
- Occupational therapist
- Physiotherapists
- Physiotherapist assistant
- support workers
95
What do hospitals in the rehabilitation setting focus on
- in an outpatient
- Focus on brain injury, tumors, spinal cord injury, stroke
- some offer, cardiac and respiratory
- Some have medical and surgical conditions such as wounds and diabetes
96
What do specialize facilities in the rehabilitation centre in focus on
Specific problems
97
What do long-term care facilities in the rehabilitation setting? Focus on?
The same as hospitals
98
What is the role of the person in regard to rehabilitation?
- to make decisions about their goals
- Involved in each aspect
- Learn new skills and relearn old skills
99
What is the role of the family in regard to rehabilitation?
- Education about the illness injury and disability
- need to learn how to care for their loved ones
- Support
- Involved in clients care
- Learn new skills, such as communication and how to dress the client
100
What is the role of the PSW in regard to rehabilitation?
- Help with Personal, Care and range of motion exercises
- Help with household management
- Help with eating
- Help with Physio therapy exercises
- Provide input a case conferences changes in care and any concerns
- Patience, support, and empathy
101
How can a PSW support dips in regard to rehabilitation?
- D: respect, protect, dignity encourage support positivity, emotional support, reassurance, patients, praise, understanding, rapport observations
-I: encourage client to do ADLs do not rush, familiarize yourself with self-help devices
-I: care planned an adapter to fit the client
-P: ask client for their preferences, freedom of choice let client have control
-S: safety measures, do not force allow rest. Keep client with good body alignment, you safe, transfer methods perform ROM turn reposition as directed, report signs and symptoms of complications.
102
What can prosthesis be defined as
Artificial replacements for missing body parts
103
What can reablement program be defined as
A program for people who do not need acute care, but cannot manage at home or are struggling in their home to regain strength endurance functioning independence
- Allows for clients to stay in their homes while receiving rehab or restoration
104
What can rehabilitation robotics be defined as
Robotics and technology used in rehabilitation medicine that include wheelchair new technologies to assess spinal structure and function, assistive robotics, and they use a virtual reality
105
What can virtual reality be defined as?
Do use of computer technology to create a simulated image or simulated environment
106
What does developmental disability mean?
A permanent disability that a person is born with or acquires before 18 years of age
107
What can cause developmental disabilities
- Conditions
- Illnesses
- Accident
- Diseases
- Developmental disorders, that injure or affect the normal development of the brain or body before/during birth, or during childhood and adolescent
108
What do developmental disabilities affect?
- Self-care
- Understanding and expressing speech and language
- Learning
- Mobility
- Self direction
- Independent living
- Economic self-sufficiency
109
What is cerebral palsy caused by?
An injury or abnormality in the motor region of the brain
110
What does cerebral palsy affect?
Muscle control
111
What occurs as a result of cerebral palsy?
- Depends on the areas of the brain that have been injured
- Involuntary movements
- Poor condition and posture
- Muscle weakness
- Difficulty or inability to speak or walk
112
What usually causes cerebral palsy?
Lack of oxygen to the brain
113
Which infants are at risk of cerebral palsy
- Premature
- Low birthweight
- Not crying within the first five minutes after birth
- Bleeding in the brain
- Heart, Kidney, or spinal cord abnormalities
- blood disorders
- Seizures
114
What are the most common types of cerebral palsy?
- spastic cerebral palsy
- Athetoid cerebral palsy
- ataxic cerebral palsy
115
What is spastic cerebral palsy
- uncontrolled contractions of the skeletal muscle
- Muscles are stiff
- Can affect one or both sides of body
- Affects posture and balance
- Stiff movement
- Can have difficulty eating writing or dressing (arms)
- Difficulty with walking and moving (legs)
116
What is athetoid cerebral palsy
- Cannot control body movements
- Involuntary, slow- weaving, revving, motions, occurring in the trunk, arms, hands, legs and feet
- difficulty reaching for an grasping objects and remaining upright
- One face neck and tongue muscles are effected it can cause drooling or grimace
117
What is ataxic cerebral palsy
- weak muscle tone and difficulty coordinated movements
- Unsteady and shaky
- Trouble maintaining balance
118
In regard to cerebral palsy, what is monoplegia
Paralysis of a single limb (one)
119
In regards to cerebral palsy, what is hemi plegia?
- hemi = half
- plagia = complete or partial loss of ability to move
- CP affects one side of the body
120
In regard to cerebral palsy, what is diplegia
- Di = two
- plegia = complete or partial loss of ability to move
- Difficulty moving corresponding parts of both sides of the body
121
In regard to cerebral palsy, what is quadriplegia
- quad = four
- CP affects all four limbs
122
In addition to cerebral palsy, what can clients also have?
- Intellectual disability
- Learning disability
- Hearing impairment
- Vision impairment
- Speech impairment
- Dysphagia
- Drooling
- Incontinence
- ADHD
- Breathing difficulties
- Pressure injuries
123
How can a PSW support a client with CP
- promote independence
- Assist with ROM and ADLs
- Reduce clients risk of injury
124
What causes spina bifida?
- A defect in the neural tube
- The brain spinal cord and protective coverings for these organs do not fully develop
125
When does spina bifida occur?
During the first few months of pregnancy
126
How to prevent spina bifida
Consuming sufficient, folic acid before conception, and during early pregnancy, greatly reduces the risk of spina bifida
127
What are the types of spina bifida?
- Spina bifida occulta
- spina bifida Custica
128
What is spina bifida occulta?
- mildest form of spina bifida
- Slight deficiency in the vertebral closure
129
What are the two types of spina bifida occulta?
1. Meningocele
2. Myelomeningocle
130
What is meningocele
Membrane hernia/swelling
131
What is myelomeningocele
Spinal cord damage and severe nerve damage
132
What is spina bifida Custica
Part of the spinal column is in the pouch or sac that protrude from the opening in the spine
The sac looks like a large blister
133
How many chromosomes do people with down syndrome have
47 instead of 46
134
How does down syndrome occur?
Error at fertilization
135
What kind of condition is down syndrome?
Congenital condition
136
What does down syndrome cause
Varying intellectual disability
137
What are the characteristics of people with down syndrome?
- Small
- Oval shaped eyes that slant upwards
- Flat face
- Short wide neck
- Large tongue
- Small ears
- Short stature
- short, wide hands with stubby fingers
- Weak muscle tone
138
What do people with down syndrome have inaddition to down syndrome?
- vision and hearing disorders
- Increased risk for ear respiratory and thyroid gland issues
- Early onset dementia and early diagnosed Alzheimer’s
139
How to support a client with down syndrome
- Promote independence
- Encourage activities
- Help with training self-care
- Health and sex education
- Well balanced diet and exercise
- Observe and report signs of down syndrome related health issues
140
What is shaken baby syndrome?
- assault
- Shaking babies violently so their heads swing back-and-forth and their brains bang against their skulls
141
What can happen as a result of shaking a baby
- physical and cognitive impairments
- Bleeding behind the eyes and in the brain
- Permanent injury
- Seizures
- Partial or total blindness or paralysis
- Death
142
What can result of shaking a baby mildly?
- Long term affects such as attention, deficient and learning disabilities
143
What is epilepsy?
Brief disturbances in the brains, normal electrical functioning, which affects awareness, movement and sensation
144
When can epilepsy develop
any time during the life
145
What are seizures called that affect one side of the brain
Partial seizures
146
What are seizures called that affect the entire brain
Generalized seizures
147
What happens to the brain during generalized seizures
Brain temporary loses its ability to function normally
148
What are some different reactions to seizures?
- briefly stare in appear unresponsive
- Violent and sudden contraction or tremor of muscle groups, incontinence, jerking, or twitching
149
What is a tonic clonic seizure?
- Violent and sudden contraction or tremor of muscle groups, incontinence, jerking twitching
- Last one to seven minutes
150
How to support a client with epilepsy
- Promote Independence
- observe and report all activity before during and after seizure
- Safety measures for falls
- Close supervision one client is swimming boating or hot tub
- Don’t hold client down
- Nothing in reach of client that could harm them
- Call 911 if last longer than five minutes
151
What is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
Physical and mental abnormalities that occur in children as a result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
152
What are the physical challenges of FASD
- Low birthweight
- Weak muscle tone
- Poor weight gain
- Hearing impairment
- Abnormalities of the spine and joints
- Small head
- Small eye openings
- thin upper lip
- small Chin
153
Characteristics of the intellectual disability for those with FASD
- Behavioral learning and emotional disorders
- Poor attention span
- slow language development
- Hyperactivity
- Poor motor skills
- Memory impairment
- Poor judgement
- Poor social skills
- Poor anger management
- Mental health challenges
154
How to support a client with FASD
-promote independence
- Encourage self-esteem
- Encourage self-awareness
- Encourage adaptability
- Provide names of programs and supports available
155
What can attention deficit/hyper activity disorder be defined as
A disorder that causes inappropriate levels of inattention, as well as hyperactive an impulsive behaviour
156
What does autism spectrum disorder defined as?
A Nuro developmental disorder that impairs a persons ability to communicate and interact with others. It may include restrictive repetitive behaviors, interests and activities.
157
What can cerebral palsy be defined as?
A disorder affecting muscle control (palsy) caused by an injury or abnormality in the motor region of the brain (cerebral)
158
What can developmental disability be defined as
A permanent disability that a person is born with or begins before 18 years old
159
What is the plegia defined as?
Loss of ability to move corresponding parts on both sides of the body
- Both arms or both legs are affected
160
What is down syndrome defined as
Congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome
- DS results in varying degrees of intellectual disability
161
What is foetal alcohol? Spectrum disorder defined as
A group of physical and mental abnormalities that occur in children as a result of alcohol consumption by the birth parent during pregnancy
162
What is fragile X syndrome
The most common form of inherited developmental disorder
163
What is intellectual disability defined as?
Impaired ability to learn
164
What is spastic defined as
Uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle
165
What is spina bifida defined as
A congenital disorder caused by improper closing of the spine before birth
166
What can tonic clonic seizures be defined as?
Seizures involving convulsions
167
What is an admission to the hospital or long-term care facility?
Official entry for the client
- Critical and emotional time for residence and their family
168
How can clients arrive to the hospital or long-term care?
By ambulance, wheelchair van or private car
169
When do emissions in long-term care facilities begin?
A few days before client arrival
170
What are admissions for clients?
Life altering events treat them respectfully
171
What are clients and courage to do in long-term care facilities?
Make the environment home lake
172
What is the role of the PSW in the admission process?
- promote dips
- Treat client and their belongings with respect
- help new clients feel at home
- Insure client choices are safe
- Show client how to draw privacy curtains and show them how privacy will be maintained
- Explain how to use a call Bell show the client around and point out safety
173
Tips during the admission process
- avoid rushing
- Treat residence of family has guests
- Say good things about the centre
- Help unpack, or make room home like
- Explain meal times and the evening routine
- Try not to overwhelm them by telling them everything at once
174
What are transitions?
- moving to one environment to another
- Into an out of facilities
- From one room or facility to another
175
How do clients field during transitions?
- anxious
- Unsettled
- alone
- Confused
176
What are clients fears of long-term care or hospitals?
- worry about treatment or surgery and it’s outcome
- Scared of not returning home
- Fear of unknown
- Fear of how to manage discharge
177
What do vital signs reflect?
The function of three body processes essential for life
178
What are the three body processes essential for life?
1. Regulation of body
2. Breathing.
3. Heart function.
179
What are the normal ranges for systolic blood pressure?
Between 100 and 140 MM Hg
180
What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure?
60 and 90 mmHg
181
What are the different routes you can take a temperature?
Oral
Tympanic
Axiliary
Rectal
182
What are the normal ranges for oral temperatures?
36-37.5
183
What is the normal range for Tympanic temperature?
35.8-38
184
What is the normal range of temperatures for the axillary?
34.7-37.3
185
What is the normal temperature range for the rectal temperature?
35.5-38
186
What is febrile?
With fever
187
What is afebrile?
Without fever
188
What is the hospital admission process?
- Share in the admissions
Admission, desk and personnel
Support workers prepare room
Nurses take history and questionnaire, obtain specimens and orient the client to the room unit and hospital
189
Where are the pulse sites
- temporal / side of head
- Carotid / neck
- Apical / heart
- Brachial / inside elbow in line with
- Radial / on wrist and thumb side
- Remeral / groin area
- Posterior tibial / inside ankle
- Pedal / top of foot
190
What is the normal pulse for a newborn to a one-year-old?
120-160 beats per minute
191
What is the normal pulse for a 1 to 2-year-old?
90-140 beats per minute for
192
What is the normal pulse for a 2 to 6 year old?
80-110 beats per minute
193
What is a normal pulse for 6 to 12 year old?
75-100 beats per minute
194
What is the normal pulse for 12 years old and up?
60-100 beats per minute
195
What is the number of respirations newborn should have?
30-60 per minute
196
How many respirations should an infant have?
25-50 per minute
197
How many respiration should a toddler have?
25-32 per minute
198
What is the normal amount of respirations for a child?
20-30 per minute
199
What is the normal number of respirations for an adolescent?
16-19 per minute
200
What is the normal respirations for adults?
12-20 per minute
201
When tracking respirations what do you do?
- do not let the client know you’re taking them
- Count when chest rises and falls (1 respiration)
202
How to convert pounds to kilograms
Divide the pounds by 2.2.
10 divided by 2.2 = 4.5
203
How to convert kilograms to pounds
Multiply by 2.2.
60kg x 2.2 = 132lbs
204
What can blood pressure be defined as?
The amount of force exerted by the blood against the walls of an artery
205
How is body temperature defined
The amount of heat in the body, a balance between the amount of heat produced and the amount, lost by the body
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What is bradycardia?
Slow heart rate
- Less than 60 bpm
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What is diastole defined as
The period of heart muscle relaxation
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What is diastolic pressure defined as
The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
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What is dysrhythmia?
An irregular rhythm of the pulse
Beats may be an evenly spaced or skipped
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What is hypertension?
Persistent blood pressure measurement above the normal systolic (140 mmHg) or diastolic (90mmHg) pressure
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What is hypotension?
A condition in which the systolic blood pressure is below 90 MM Hg, and the diastolic pressure is below 60 MM Hg
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What is pulse defined as
The beat of the heart felt at an artery as a wave of blood passes through the artery
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What is pulse oximeter defined as
A device that measures both the clients pulse rate in the oxygen level in the blood
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What is respiration?
The active breathing air into and out of the lungs
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What is pulse rate?
The number of heartbeats or pulses Felt in one minute
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What if a sphygmomanometer
The instrument used to measure blood pressure
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What is spO2
Peripheral capillary, oxygen saturation
The readinggiven by a pulse oximeter for the percentage of oxygen saturated haemoglobin that is dissolved in the blood
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What is a stethoscope
An instrument used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart, lungs and other body organs
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What is systole
The period of heart muscle contractions
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What is systolic pressure?
The amount of force required to pump blood out of the heart and into the arterial circulation
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What is tachycardia?
A rapid heart rate over 100 bpm in an adult
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What are vital signs?
Temperature pulse, respiration and blood pressure
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What are the PSW’s responsibilities in household management?
- assisting with money
- Make beds and straighten linens
- Straighten the room
- Replenish supplies
- Wipe surfaces
- Dust
- Clean commodes
- Clean floors
- Laundry
- Clean, sinks, tub, shower, shower curtains (bathroom)
- Clean mirrors in toilets
- Doing dishes cleaning the kitchen
- Cleaning other living Spaces
- Vacuuming
- Taking garbage out doing recycling and compost
- Preparing meals or cooking
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What are some cleaning guidelines?
- clear away clutter
- Work from high to low
- Work from far to near
- Work from dry to wet
- Work from cleanest to dirtiest
- Change cleaning cloths and water frequently
- Use a damp cloth for dusting
- Rinse and dry washed surfaces
- Avoid soiling a Clean area
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What are some of the Tasks to do in the bedrooms
- change linens
- Straight in the room
- Replenish supplies
- Wipe surfaces
- Dust
- Clean commodes
- Clean floors
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What are some of the tasks to do in the kitchen?
- straighten the room
- Replenish supplies
- Wipe surfaces
- Dust
- Clean
- Use paper towel to dry hands
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What are some of the tasks to do when cleaning bathrooms?
- Proper body mechanics
- Clean toilets
- Wear gloves
- Gather special cleaners if required
- Clean tub, shower and sink
- Use paper towels for drying hands
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What do you need to do and doing laundry
- do not damage items
- Ask what to use to clean the clothing
- Ask if it’s air dried or dryer dried
- Look at laundry symbols
- If it’s soil, put it in a plastic bag and keep it away from other laundry
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What is a natural stain remover?
Baking soda and water
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How do you remove stains
- rinse in cold water
- Soaking solution of 1 L warm water to millilitres liquid dishwashing detergent and 15 mL of ammonia for 30 minutes
- Rinsing cool water
- Soak in 1 L warm water, and 15 mL vinegar for one hour
- 10 machine wash with chlorine bleach and detergent
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How to remove blood stains
1. Rinse in cold water.
2. Rub with paste of powder, detergent and water and to millilitre dishwashing detergent or bar of soap.
3. Let it sit for 15 minutes.
4. Soak it for 15 more minutes in 1 L of cold water with powder or liquid stain remover.
5. Wash it in the machine using bleach and detergent.
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How to remove fecal stains
1. Rinse in cold water
2. Soak in 1 L warm water to millilitres of liquid dishwashing detergent and 15 mL of ammonia for 30 minutes.
3. Machine wash using chlorine, bleach and detergent.
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What is so cytoxic contamination
Items that have come into direct contact with cytotoxic drugs or client who is receiving them can still pose potential serious health risks to others for up to seven days after the discontinuation of the medication
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What is home management?
The cleaning and organizing of a home
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What are laundry care symbols?
Symbols on Garment tags that indicate how to launder or care for a specific garments
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What is mildew?
The black discolouration caused by mould
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What is mould
Microscopic fungal parasite
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When using chlorine bleach
- do not mix with ammonia
- Check care instructions before
- Be mindful of allergies
- can burn or irritate skin and eyes
- Open windows when using
- Try not to inhale
- Poisonous
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When using ammonia
- can burn or irritated eyes and skin
- Never mix with bleach
- Poisonous
- Open window if using
- Do not inhale
- Check in instructions before use
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What can vinegar be used for
- Natural acid
- Can be used to replace commercial cleaning products
- Can be used to clean mirrors and bathrooms
- Can make cleaning solutions
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What to do when there’s a conflict of interest
- inform the client or their family and a professional, respectful and calm manner that the task was not identified on the care plan
- Ask why the request was made and report it to your supervisor
- Discussed a conflict with your supervisor
- Discuss client complaints with supervisor
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When using cleaning products safely, it’s important to remember
- to read all labels carefully and follow instructions
- Be aware of WHMIS hazard labels
- never mix cleaning products
- choose cleaning products that are safe to use
- Wear utility gloves when using cleaning products
- Use caution when using cleaning products and chemicals to avoid splashing
- Report splashes to the supervisor
- Never use products in an unlabelled container
- Store products in the original containers
- Keep cleaning products away from food
- Keep cleaning products out of reach of children and away from adults with dementia
- Use products only for their intended purpose
- Ask the client before using a strong cleaner on the surface
- Rinse strong, abrasive cleaners right after use
- Do not scrub vigourously
